Download 2.2 PPT_Proteins and Nucleic Acids

 Load lab!!!!!!!
 Get peanut butter and paper towels ready
Do Now
(WRITE the sentence and UNDERLINE your answer!)
Carbohydrates are made of ________ &
___________.
2. Lipids are made of _________ & _______.
1.
1.
Lipids are tested using the __________.
1.
Sugars are tested using the ____________.
1.
Starches are tested using the ___________.
Proteins
Function
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Build and repair
body tissue
Fight diseases
(antibodies)
Send messages
(hormones)
Control reactions
(enzymes)
Maintain
homeostasis =
regulate the body
Proteins
Important
Atoms
Shape Matters!!
C, H, O and
N
Test
Biuret’s Test
Pictures
Subunits
Amino Acids
What is the Function?
1. Build and repair body tissue
2. Fight diseases (antibodies)
3. Send messages (hormones)
4. Control reactions (enzymes)
5. Maintain homeostasis = regulate the body
What are the subunits?
 Amino Acids
What are the Atoms?
 C, H, O and N
What does it look like?
 Proteins look like a twisted up ball of yarn
 Each amino acid connect together with a peptide
bond and coil up
What is the structure of a protein?
 Proteins have a 3-D shape
Why are they important?
 Shape Matters!!
 Each protein has a perfect match and unlocks a
reaction based on its shape
 Like a lock-and-key
What does Denatured mean?
 Denatured is when the shape of the protein changes
 It can no longer do its job because it is no longer a
perfect match
What does Enzyme mean?
 Enzymes are special proteins that speed up chemical
reactions in the body.
What is the test?
 Biuret’s Solution
Protein Examples
 Enzymes: speed up reactions
 Hemoglobin: carries oxygen
 Insulin: controls blood sugar levels
 Antibodies: fights off invaders
 Hormones: send messages in the body
Protein Stations
 Station 1: Questions
 Station 2: Vocab Matching
 Station 3: Building macromolecules
-Label as a Protein
-Glue down pieces
-Describe Function
-Describe Importance
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acids
Function
1. Control genetic
information
2. Make proteins
to make traits
Important
Atoms
Found in the nucleus
C, H, O, N,
and P
(Phosphorus)
Examples: RNA and
DNA
Subunits
Nucleotides (1
sugar, 1 phosphate
and 1 nitrogen
base)
Test
Pictures
No test
Found in ALL living
things
What is the function?
1. Control genetic information
2. Make proteins to make traits
What are the atoms?
 C, H, O, N, and P (Phosphorus)
What are examples?
 ATP = Energy currency
 DNA = Genetic Information Storage
 RNA = Helps build proteins
What are the subunits?
 Nucleotides
 Made of: 1 sugar, 1 phosphate and 1 nitrogen base
What are the 5 Nitrogen Bases?
 A (Adenine), T (Thymine), G (Guanine), C
(Cytosine), U (Uracil)
What is the structure of a Nucleic Acid?
 Double Helix
 Sugar and Phosphate backbone
 Nitrogen bases make up the middle steps
 Looks like a twisted ladder or spiral staircase
What are the Monomers & Polymers?
 Monomer: Nucleotides
 Polymers: DNA, RNA, ATP
DNA vs. RNA
DNA
RNA
Double Helix (2 strands)
Single Helix (1 strand)
A, T, G, C
A, U, G, C
Deoxyribose sugar
Ribose sugar
Stores genetic information
Delivers genetic message to make
proteins
Nucleic Acid Stations
 Station 1: Nucleic Acid Questions
 Station 2: Frayer Model Vocabulary
 Station 3: Nucleic Acid Molecule Build
 Station 4: DNA vs. RNA & Nucleotide Build
Nucleic Acids
 Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and
sulfur
 Function  control genetic information
 Monomer  nucleotides
 Polymers


DNA  deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA  ribonucleic acid
Online Lab Tests!
Benedict’s Solution DEMO
 What did we DO?
 What did we SEE?
 What does this TELL us?
Iodine Solution DEMO
 What did we DO?
 What did we SEE?
 What does this TELL us?
Biuret’s Reagent
 What did we DO?
 What did we SEE?
 What does this TELL us?
Brown Paper Bag Test
 What did we DO?
 What did we SEE?
 What does this TELL us?
Macromolecule Tests…
 Benedict’s Solution: A test for SUGAR. If test is
positive, it will turn a color anywhere from green to red,
telling you that there IS a sugar!
 Iodine Solution: A test for STARCH. If test is positive, it
will turn a dark purple/black color, telling you that there IS
a starch!
 Brown Paper Bag Test: A test for LIPIDS/FATS. If test
is positive, it will leave a greasy residue on the brown paper,
telling you there IS a lipid!
 Biuret’s Reagent: A test for PROTEINS. If test is
positive, it turn pink or purple, telling you that there IS a
protein!
Exit Ticket
 A student performed a food test on her lunch. The
Iodine test and Brown paper bag test came back
positive. What organic molecules were in her lunch?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Starches only
Sugars and starches
Starches and lipids
Lipids and sugars
Proteins:
Multipurpose molecules
2006-2007
Proteins
Food, food, and more food.
Proteins
Examples

muscle

fingernails, claws

skin

hair

antibodies

enzymes


example: pepsin, catylase
hormones

insulin
– hemoglobin
example: insulin
– collagen (skin)
Proteins
amino acids
 Sub Unit / Monomer =
amino amino amino amino amino
acid – acid – acid – acid – acid
20 different
 amino acids
 Each one has
 a different
 R group.

Amino acid chains
 Proteins
 amino acids chained into a polymer
 Each amino acid is different

some “like” water & dissolve in it

some “fear” water & separate from it
3-D protein structure
 Proteins fold & twist into 3-D shape
hemoglobin
growth
hormone
pepsin
collagen
Its shape that matters!
 Proteins do their jobs, because
of their shape
 Unfolding a protein destroys its shape


wrong shape = can’t do its job
unfolding proteins = “denature”
temperature
 pH (acidity)
Glossary
Word!

folded
unfolded
“denatured”
Nucleic acids:
Information molecules
2006-2007
Nucleic Acids
Names &
Functions
 ATP
energy
currency
 DNA
Information
Storage
 RNA
Helps
build
proteins
RNA
Genes (DNA)
are needed
to run bodies every day…
to make you and me…
to make new cells…
to make babies!
G
C
T
A
A
C
G
T
A
C
G
T
A
Nucleic acids
 Building blocknucleotides
=
nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide –
nucleotide
 5 different nucleotides


different nitrogen bases
A, T, C, G, U
sugar
phosphate
N base
Nitrogen bases
I’m the
A,T,C,G or U
part!
Nucleotide chains
 Nucleic acids
 nucleotides
o DNA
N base
sugar
N base
phosphate
chained
into a polymer
• deoxiribose
sugar
• double-sided
sugar
phosphate
 double
helix
 A, C, G, T
o RNA
• single-sided
• A, C, G, U
strong bonds
N base
sugar
N base
phosphate
phosphate
RNA
sugar
ATP
 Energy currency of cells
Transfers
energy within a cell
 Like (little bombs)
 Modified nucleotide
DiMonoTriO––
ADP
AMP
ATP
O––
O– O–
O–
––O P
––O––P
–O––P–
O
O PO– –O–P O–
O
O
O O
O