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Transcript
TRANSLATION NOTES Definition of Translation The decoding of mRNA’s message into a protein Happens in the ribosome Also known as Protein Synthesis, which is when proteins are made by stringing amino acids together to form long chains (20+ types of amino acids in humans) Other Words Used During Translation Transfer RNA (tRNA) – carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes, where they are joined to make proteins; single-stranded Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) – makes up the major structural part of the ribosome itself; singlestranded More Words Used During Translation Codon – 3 nucleotides (bases) on the mRNA that code for a particular amino acid Start codon – AUG Stop codons – UAA, UAG, UGA Anticodon – 3 nucleotides (bases) on the tRNA that pair up complementary with the codon on the mRNA Picture of Translation Amino Acids Anticodon mRNA tRNA UAC AUG Codon ACC UGG AAA UUU GGC Ribosome Steps of Translation The ribosome has 2 slots for tRNAs to fit into tRNAs come in and their anticodon pairs complementary to the codon on the mRNA The amino acids (carried on the top of the tRNA) bond together and start forming a protein Everything shifts over one slot and a new tRNA comes in – this continues until a stop codon on the mRNA is reached Translation Animations http://www.stolaf.edu/people/gianni ni/flashanimat/molgenetics/translati on.swf http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072437316/student_ view0/chapter15/animations.html# (click on protein synthesis) http://wwwclass.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biolog y/animation/gene/gene_a3.html Translation Simulation Make sure Biological Simulations CD is in the drive
