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Lecture 13
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Putting it all together – Glycolysis
Understood thermodynamics of biochemical reactions
- Spontaneous
- Coupling
- Rates
Understood reaction rates
- Activation energy
- Enzymes
Understood how enzymes work
- Structure & function
- Active sites
Regulating individual reactions & pathways
So, here we go…
Glycolysis
Glc  Pyruvate
Stage 1: Preparative
Stage 2: Energy generating
Glycolysis steps: Which reactions do what?
Fix Glc in cell
Fix isomer conformation
Use both 3-C molecules
Split into 3-C molecules
Isomerise to enable splitting
into two 3-C molecules
Generate energy (ATP)
1. Fix Glc in cell
2. Get a cleavable molecule
Need to get TWO 3C chains
2.5 Fix the isomer form
3. Cleave into 3C molecules
4. How to use BOTH molecules?
Equilibrium: 96% DHAP!
5. Start energy generation phase
Carbon oxidation 
Phosphoryl transfer potential
6. Breakeven! Substrate level phosphorylation
Carbon oxidation 
Phosphoryl transfer potential
7. Wait for it…
7.5 Wait for it….
8. Profit!
1. Fix Glc in cell
2.5 Fix the isomer form
8. Profit!
Before understanding regulation…
Overall reaction & importance of NADH
Glc + 2ADP + 2Pi + 2NAD+
2Pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH+H+ + 2H20
Before understanding regulation…
What is the fate of Pyruvate in cells?
Understanding regulation… Roles of Glycolysis
What are the roles of Glycolysis in cells?
Polysaccharides
Monosaccharides
Glucose
Amino Acids
Amino Acids
Nucleotides
Pyruvate
ATP
Acetyl-CoA
TCA
Fru-2,6-bis-PO4
Lactic acid
Regulating the pathway
What are the roles of Glycolysis in cells?
Positive regulators
(Need MORE Glycolysis)
Negative regulators
(Need LESS Glycolysis)
Key regulatory points of Glycolysis
Key regulatory points of Glycolysis
Key regulatory points of Glycolysis