Download Cells

REVIEW!!!!!!!!!!
Cells,
The Scientific Method
and Organic Molecules
Cells

The CELL THEORY:
– All living things are made of cells.
– Cells come from pre-existing cells.
– Cells are the basic unit of structure and function
in all living organisms.
The Plant Cell
 Cell Wall provides
support and
protection.
 Cell Membrane is
located within cell
wall and encloses all
organelles and
cytoplasm.
 The Cell Membrane is
selectively permeable
allowing specific
nutrients and waste in
and out of cell.
 Composed of three
organic molecules;
carbohydrates,
proteins and lipids.
Cellular Organelles
 Mitochondria – aids in cellular respiration,
produces energy “ATP”.
 Ribosomes – aids in protein synthesis.
 Vacuoles – Storage of wastes (small found
in animal cell, while large is found in Plant
cell only!)
Cellular Organelles
 Centrioles – aids in cell reproduction,
found only in Animal Cells.
 Chloroplasts – aids in photosynthesis,
found in Plant Cells only.
 Cytoplasm – Fluid substance that all
organelles exist in.
 Nucleus - contains DNA.
Cellular Organelles
Transport through Cell
Membrane
 Diffusion – movement of high
concentration to low concentration.
 Active Transport – movement of low
concentration to high concentrations.
Moves against the concentration gradient.
 Osmosis – diffusion of water.
Organic Molecules
 Contains Carbon and Hydrogen
 Examples are: Carbohydrates (Sugars,
Glucose), Proteins, Lipids (Fats) and
Nucleic Acids (RNA & DNA).
 Make up all cell walls and membranes.
The Scientific Method
1. State the Problem;
How, Why, What?
2. Research/Inferences
3. Form a Hypothesis;
create a statement.
If….then..
4. Develop a controlled
experiment. Only
one variable is being
tested.
5. Analysis of Data –
read and interpret
charts, graphs and
written findings.
6. Formulate
Conclusion- no
summary, state if
hypothesis is proven
or not.
Graphs !!
 Label axes with units.
 Figure out an appropriate scale; the spacing
between numbers on axes must be in equal
increments.
 Independent variable; factor that influences
the dependent variable, always on the xaxis.
 Dependent variable; what you are
measuring, always on y-axis.