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Transcript
Movement Through the Membrane Section 7-3 Properties of Water What makes water so special? Cohesion & Adhesion Cohesion H bonding between H2O molecules water is “sticky” surface tension drinking straw Adhesion Try that with flour… or sugar… H bonding between H2O & other substances capillary action meniscus (water climbs up) Water is the solvent of life Polarity makes H2O a good solvent solvents dissolve solutes creating solutions (water) (sugar or salts) (lemonade) What dissolves in water? Hydrophilic substances have attraction to H2O polar or non-polar? What doesn’t dissolve in water? Hydrophobic substances that don’t have Oh, look an attraction to H2O hydrocarbons! polar or non-polar? fat (triglycerol) TED-Ed Video • Properties of Water Cell Membrane • SEMI-PERMEABLE • Structures: a. Phospholipid bilayer – hydrophobic (scared of water) b. Proteins – gatekeeper for substances c. Carbohydrates – identifies the cell Figure 7-12 The Structure of the Cell Membrane Section 7-3 Cell Membrane Outside of cell Proteins Carbohydrate chains Cell membrane Inside of cell (cytoplasm) Protein channel Lipid bilayer Cell Transport Types: Passive Movement: No energy required Active Movement: Energy required by cell Diffusion • Is passive! • Movement of a substance from high to low concentration • Ex: O2 and CO2 moving in/out of body animation Facilitated Diffusion • Is Passive! • Movement of substance from high to low concentration across a membrane through a protein channel. • Ex: large molecules (glucose) or ions Animation Osmosis • Movement of water from high to low concentration across a semi-permeable membrane. Animation • Descriptions for solutions on either side of a membrane: 1. Hypertonic –solute is in high concentration so water is low. 2. Hypotonic – solute is in low concentration so water is high. 3. Isotonic – solute concentration is equal on both sides. How do cells deal with osmotic pressure? 1. Tough cell walls can protect from bursting. 2. Contractile vacuoles pump out excess water. Many cells cannot cope with osmotic pressure: *dangerous to drink sea water it will speed up dehydration (and death) by drinking sea water. *water injected into you will burst RBC’s Active Transport • Requires energy for the cell to complete. • Movement of molecules from LOW to HIGH • Examples: Ion movements into or out of cell. Animation Bulk Transport: requires energy! • Endocytosis – cell engulfs larger molecules • Exocytosis – release of wastes or cell products outside of cell Endo/Exo Animation Cell Diversity Section 7-4 Diversity of Cellular Life Two types of living cellular organisms: • Unicellular Organisms • Multi-cellular Organisms In multi-cellular organisms, there is: 1. Cell Specialization – cells perform certain functions based on DNA segment that is activated. 2. Levels of Organization – cells, tissues, organs, systems, organism Levels of Organization Levels of Organization Section 7-4 Muscle cell Smooth muscle tissue Stomach Digestive system Bill Nye: Cells http://www.free-tv-videoonline.me/player/gorillavid.php?id=3hp3jtluz6vr