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Cell Study
Guide
1. Define Cell
• Basic Unit of Life
2. What are the 3 parts of the cell
theory
• All cells arise from existing cells
• Cells are the basic unit of life
• All organisms are made of one or
more cells
Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow
3. Describe the difference between
prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells and
give an example of each
• Prokaryotic cells (bacteria cells) are simple cells
that lack a nucleus and membrane bound
organelles
• Eukaryotic cells (animal and plant cells) are
complex cells with nuclei and organelles –
eukaryotic cells all have cell membrane,
cytoplasm ad nucleus.
4. Compare and contrast plant cells and
animal cell
• Plant Cells contain cell walls,
chloroplasts and a large central vacuole
• Animal Cells contain centriole
• Both plant and animal cells contain: cell
membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus and many
organelles
5. Define ORGANELLE
• Any tiny structure that performs a
specialized function or job in the
cell
6.A: Cell Membrane
• Gatekeeper-allows only certain things
to enter or leave the cell
• Made of a Phospholipid Bilayer
• Fluid mosaic theory describes the
modern view of the cell
6.B: Cytoplasm
• Jelly-like substance between cell membrane
and the nucleus.
• All organelles are suspended in this
substance
6.C: Chromosomes
• Contain genetic blueprints/DNA
that control all of a cell’s
activities
6.D: Ribosomes
• Found free floating OR on the
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Produces proteins
6.E: Chloroplast
• Uses photosynthesis to make food/sugar
6.F: Vacuole
• Store water, ions and waste products
6.G: Mitochondria
• ENERGY
• Cells that require MORE energy contain
MORE mitochondria
6.h: Golgi Apparatus
• Packages substances up for
shipment out of the cell
6.I: Nucleus
• Control center of the cell – all of the cells
activities are directed by this organelle
6.J: Nuclelous
• Inside nucleus-Makes Ribosomes!
6.K: Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Smooth ER: Transports and
processes lipids
• Rough ER: Transports and
processes lipids
6.L: Centriole
• Helps organize spindle fibers
during cell division
7.A: How do you carry a microscope?
• 1 hand on the
arm and the
other on the base
7.B: When do you use the coarse
adjustment?
• Use while scanning or on low
power to locate the object you are
trying to observe. Never use on high
power!!!
7.C: How do you find the total
magnification of a microscope?
• Multiply the
magnification of the
eyepiece times the
magnification of the
objective lens you are
using.
7.D: Why do we stain items we
observe with a microscope
• Stains darken light objects making
them easier to observe
7.E: How does the “field of view” change
when you change the magnification?
• The higher the magnification, the
smaller the field of view
7.f: What is the difference between a compound
light microscope and a stereoscope?
• Compound light looks at smaller
objects, shows images in 2D and shows
the image backwards
• Stereoscope looks at larger objects,
shows images in 3D and show the
image the way that it truly is.