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Transcript
9/24/2015 Central Questions Cell Theory and Cell Structure How do we know that cells exist? Before… • People just used their eyes (observations) • “If I don’t see it, it doesn’t exist!” Seeing is Believing! Then they were named… • Who are the scientists who contributed to the cell theory and what did they contribute? • What are the parts of the cell theory? • What are the two largest groupings of cells and what differentiates them? But then, someone invented the microscope! Anton van Leeuwenhoek built one of the first microscopes in the 1600s and saw microscopic organisms. Prison Cell vs. Cork Cell • Robert Hooke cut a piece of oak tree bark called “cork” • Used a microscope • “They look like little rooms!” • “Or like a prison cell!” • He coined the term ‘cell’ 1 9/24/2015 So… then many scientists started using the microscope to look at things And their observations made it clear that cells were the basic units of life. In 1839, German biologist Theodor Schwann studied animals… In 1838, German botanist Matthias Schleiden studied plants… “Ah ha! Plants are made of cells!” In 1855, Dr. Rudolf Virchow tried to be Frankenstein… but he failed. “We can’t create our own new cells!” “We can only get new cells from already existing cells in our body!” “Ah ha! Animals are made of cells!” Collaboration is when scientists work together The Cell Theory • All living things are made of one or more cells. • Cells are the basic units in living things. • New cells are produced from existing cells. Introduction to Cells Cells are the basic units of organisms Cells can only be observed under microscope Basic types of cells: Animal Cell Plant Cell Bacterial Cell 2 9/24/2015 Number of Cells Cells May be Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic Organisms may be: • Unicellular – composed of one cell • Multicellular - composed of many cells • Prokaryotes include bacteria & lack a nucleus or membrane-bound structures called organelles • Eukaryotes include most other cells & have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (plants, fungi, & animals) Prokaryotes Eukaryotic Cell Nucleoid region contains the DNA Contain 3 basic cell structures: • Nucleus • Cell Membrane • Cytoplasm with organelles •Cell membrane & cell wall • Contain ribosomes (no membrane) to make proteins in their cytoplasm Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells Cell Structure • There are two parts outside the cell: - Cell Wall: hard outside covering (not in animal cells) - Cell Membrane: cell ‘skin’ that controls transport in and out Plant Cell Animal Cell 3 9/24/2015 Cytoplasm Central Questions • Water based goop filling the cell • Contains organelles and many compounds • Who are the scientists who contributed to the cell theory and what did they contribute? • What are the parts of the cell theory? • What are the two largest groupings of cells and what differentiates them? 4