Download Cell Parts - Garnet Valley

Chapter 1- Sec. 2
Cell Parts
Life Science
A World of Cells
Cell- is the basic unit of structure in
living things that carry out life
processes.
– Many cells are about 0.01 mm long
Look at your Hand…
– One square centimeter of your skin’s
surface contains more than 100,000 cells.
Cells are Diverse!!!

Cells come in different sizes and their
shape can tell you something about its
function.
2 Types of Cells
1.
Prokaryotic Cells- no internal
organelles
-
2.
Genetic Material is located in cytoplasm
Single-celled organisms
Eukaryotic Cells- contain organelles
- Genetic Material is located in nucleus
- some Unicellular and Multicellular organisms
What’s the Difference?

Open your textbooks to Page 20 and
see the differences between a
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell.

Cells contain structures that carry out
specific functions inside of the cell.
There are ONLY TWO types of
Eukaryotic Cells that we will
discuss in class!!!

See page 22

We will do multiple labs to see these
parts

Plants and Animals have
EUKARYOTIC CELLS!!!

Lets look at the “parts” that make up
eukaryotic cells…
Surrounding the Cell…

Cell Membrane- protective layer
around cells that allows material to
enter and exit the cell.
– Allows food, oxygen/carbon dioxide
into the cell and waste products out
of the cell.
Around Plant Cells…

Cell Wall- tough outer covering that
protects and supports PLANT cells
only.
– Made up of a strong material called
Cellulose.
Inside the cell…

Cytoplasm- clear, gelatin-like
substance that flows inside the cell
membrane.
Throughout the cytoplasm is a
framework called…
 Cytoskeleton- helps the cell maintain
or change its shape
Inside of a Cell


What are Organelles???
Organelles- “scientific” word used to
describe any part of a cell
– Float throughout the cytoplasm
– Each organelle or “part” of the cell has a
specific function and job
Process Information

Nucleus- the control center of the cell
– Contains the instructions & information a
cell needs to function
– These “instructions” are made of DNA or
Chromatin
Nucleus
Energy Providing
Organelles

Mitochondria- “powerhouse” of the
cell that releases energy from food.
– Found in both plant & animal cells

Chloroplasts- green organelles only
in plant cells that contain chlorophyll
– Uses energy from sun to make sugar
STOP HERE 
Manufacturing
Organelles

Ribosomes- grain-like bodies that make
proteins for cell activities.
– How you grow & repair

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)- a series of
smooth or rough membranes that transports
or carries proteins or other materials from
one part of the cell to another.
Manufacturing
Organelles

Golgi Bodies- stacked, flattened
membranes that sort and package
proteins.
– Packages cell material for transport into
vesicles.
Storage & Recycling
Organelle

Vacuoles- “storage” organelle that
stores water, waste, food, and other
materials.
– Most plant cells have one large
vacuole.
– Animal cells have a few

Lysosomes- “clean up crew” that
contains chemicals to break down
materials (food/wastes) in a cell.
– Recycling Organelle
– When a cell dies, it releases
chemicals that digests or eats the
cell
From Cell to Organism