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The following are cell process
That you are required to know:
1.Mitosis
2.Cytokinesis
3.Photosynthesis
4.Respiration
5.Diffusion
6.Osmosis
7.Active Transport
Mitosis - The process by which
the cell’s nucleus divides into two
nuclei.
Mitosis is a four step process that
gets the cell ready for cell division.
Way to remember the phases of mitosis
Please Make Anna Tell!
INTERPHASE:
1. The period between cell
divisions is known as interphase.
2. During interphase all normal
cell functions are taking place.
The cell is not dividing.
3. Chromosomes
are duplicated
during this phase.
(but you can’t see them!)
Step 1: Prophase - nuclear
membrane begins to disappear.
Chromosomes become visible.
Also in prophase, the centrioles
begin to move to opposite sides
of the cell. The centrioles begin
to form the spindle (that will
eventually pull the chromatids
apart.
Step 2: Metaphase Pairs line up in the middle of
the cell.
Actual Cell Photo of a cel
going through metaphase
Also in metaphase, the spindle
is completely formed and is
pulling on the chromosomes
causing them to line up down
The middle of the cell.
Step 3: Anaphase -chromosomes
split apart and move to opposite
poles.
Actual cell in anaphase
Step 4: Telophase - Last stage
of mitosis. Chromosomes begin
to lengthen and nuclear
membrane reappears.
Results in two new nuclei
Plant cell in telophase
Animal cell in telophase
Cytokinesis: Cell division
The cell cytoplasm divides and
Cells return to Interphase.
Metabolism -All controlled
chemical reactions by which
cells gain and use energy.
1. Can cells make energy?
2. Where do cells get energy?
1. No, energy cannot be
created or destroyed . However,
cells can change energy from
one form to another.
2. In order to get the energy needed
for life processes, plants cells convert
sunlight into food (glucose) and then break
the glucose down to release the energy.
Animals break down injested food to release
the energy stored within it.
The sum of these reactions,
which involve the building up
and breaking down of molecules,
is called metabolism.
Photosynthesis
6CO + 6H O + sunlight
2
2
(Carbon Dioxide) + (Water)+ (sunlight)
Yields
CH O
6
12
6
+ 6O2
(glucose) + (oxygen)
Photosynthesis Defined
Photosynthesis is a process by
which green plants use CO2 , H2O
and light energy and give off
Glucose (sugar) and Oxygen.
**Chlorophyll traps light energy
which is needed to make the
plants food (glucose).
Two Major steps for Photosynthesis
1. Chlorophyll absorbs light energy.
When this occurs the water
molecules split (Oxygen and
Hydrogen.)
2. Hydrogen quickly combines
with Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
forming glucose (C6H12O6).
Respiration -The process by
which cells release energy
from food.
1. Aerobic Respiration
aerobic - containing oxygen
C6 H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O +energ
2. Anaerobic Respiration Energy released without Oxygen
Diffusion - process by which food
molecules, oxygen, water and
other materials enter and leave
the cell through the cell
membrane. Substances move
from areas of higher
concentration to areas of lesser
concentration. Cell Energy is not
needed for diffusion.
Osmosis - the diffusion of water
into or out of a cell.
Energy not needed for osmosis.
Water travels from an area of
high concentration to an area
of lower concentration.
Active Transport:
Cells use energy to obtain or
remove materials within the cell.
Substances are “pulled” or
“pushed” out off the cell.