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Semester 1
Exam
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CATEGORIES
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Classification
Insects
Microscopes
Cells
Scientific Method
CLASSIFICATION
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Binomial Nomenclature
Two part scientific name.
(genus species)
Characteristics of living
things
M ovement
R espiration
S ensitivity
G rowth
R eproduction
E xcretion
N utrition
What are the seven layers of
classification
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
What are the five different
kingdoms
Moneran
Protist
Fungi
Plant
Animal
What is Dichotomous Key?
A key to help classify organisms
What evidence do we use to
classify organisms
• Behavior and physical appearance
• Method used for reproduction,
locomotion, diet and habitat
• Cells and DNA analysis
INSECTS
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Characteristics
of arthropods
and insects
• Exoskeleton
• Invertebrate
Special insect
orders
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Coleoptera – beetles
Diptera – Flies
Hymenoptera – Ants and Bees
Hemiptera – Aphids
Orthoptera – Grasshoppers and Crickets
Lepidoptera – Butterflies and Moths
How do insects
make sounds?
Tymbals
Beating their wings
Spiracles
Snapping mandibles
What are insects
mouthparts called? What
are the three different types
of mouthparts?
They are called mandibles
The three different mouthparts are – piercing,
sponging, siphoning.
Metamorphosis:
What are the three
types?
Molting- shedding skin
Incomplete – egg, nymph, adult
Complete – egg, larva, pupa, adult
MICROSCOPES
Who are the
three founding
fathers of
microscopy?
Hooke
Leeuwenhoek
Janssen
What did Hooke
accomplish?
Observed cork “cells”; coined the term
“cell”
What did
Leeuwenhoek
accomplish?
Observed bacteria and protists
What did
Janssen
accomplish?
First compound microscope
Total
Magnification
Eyepiece x objective lens
Eyepiece
4x Magnification; look through at the top
Barrel
Changes resolution
Arm
Used to hold the microscope
Revolving
Nosepiece
Allows you to change between
magnification lenses
Stage Clips
Holds the slide in place
Objectives
Scanning, low power, high power lenses
Stage Stop
Stops stage from moving
Stage Opening
Allows light to come through
Stage
Where the specimen rests
Coarse Focus
Knob
Moves stage for scanning and low power
lenses only
Diaphragm
Controls light (yay)
Illuminator
With Bulb
Light source
Fine Focusing
Knob
For high power ONLY
On/Off Switch
Self explanatory
Base
Bottom of Microscope
CELLS
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What are Levels
of organization
from cells to
organism?
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Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organisms
Population
Community
What are the 2
types of Cells?
Somatic (body cells)
Gametes (sex cells)
Eukaryote cells vs
Prokaryote cells
Eukaryotic cells
• Have nucleus
• Membrane-bound
organelles
• Cell membrane
• DNA
• Liquid cytoplasm
• Ribosomes
• Some have cell walls
• Complex
• Both unicellular and
multicellular
Prokaryotic cells
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Cell membrane
DNA
Liquid cytoplasm
Ribosomes
cell walls
Simple
Unicellular
Animal vs. Plant cell
Animal cells
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Golgi body
Mitochondrion
Cell membrane
Vacuole (smaller in
animal cell)
• Endoplasmic reticulum
• Lysosomes (not in plant)
• Centrioles (not in plant)
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Plant cells
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Golgi body
Mitochondrion
Cell membrane
Vacuole (larger in plant cell
than animal)
• Chloroplast (not in animal)
• Cell wall (not in animal)
• Endoplasmic reticulum
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Nucleus
Brain of cell
Cytoplasm
Liquid substance in cell that holds
organelles
Ribosomes
Protein producers. They can be attached
to the ER
Golgi Body
External delivery system
Mitochondrion
Convert energy in food molecules to
energy the cell can use to carry out its
functions
Cell membrane
Regulates what goes in and out of the
cell
Vacuole
Storage areas of a cell. Huge in plant cell.
Chloroplasts
Capture energy from sunlight and use it
to produce food. (plant only)
Cell wall
Stiff wall surrounding membrane. (plant
only)
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Internal delivery system
lysosomes
Contain chemicals to break down food
particles and worn out cell parts. (animals
only)
Centrioles
Help with cell division. (animals only)
What is
diffusion
Movement of molecules from areas of
high to low concentration
What is osmosis
Diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane
What is active
transport
Movement of molecules across a
membrane using cellular energy. Often
against concentration gradient
photosynthesis
The process by which a cell captures
energy in sunlight in order to make food
Respiration
Process by which cells obtain energy from
glucose
SCIENTIFIC
METHOD
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What are the steps
of the scientific
method?
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Research
Problem Question
Hypothesis
Develop your Procedure
Collect and Record Data
Analyze Results
Draw Conclusions
Independent
Variable
The variable that you control
Dependent
Variable
Changes because of the Independent
Variable
Experimental
Group
Tested Group
Control Group
The group used for comparison
Control(s)
What is kept constant throughout the
experiment
Research
Look up information to develop your
hypothesis
Purpose/Proble
m Question
The purpose of the experiment
Hypothesis
A statement that tells what you think is
going to happen
Procedure
Decide how you are going to do your
experiment
Collect and
record data
When you do the experiment and you
collect and record data
Analyze Results
Translate your data into words
Draw
Conclusions
-Was your hypothesis correct?(y/n)
-Why?(…)
-What would you do differently next time?
-What possible errors?
-etc.
DONE
DID YOU DO WELL? I CERTANLY HOPE SO!!
YAY!
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