Download The Cell

The Cell
Plant Cell
Cell Wall: Made of Cellulose;
Allows things into and out of the
cell; Provides structure to the
plant. Does not exist in animal
cells.
Cell Membrane (Plasma
Membrane): Regulates what
goes in and what goes out of
the cell. Made of a
phospholipid bilayer.
Phospholipid Bilayer
Cytoplasm: cytosol and
organelles; “egg white”; high in
proteins including enzymes
cytoskeleton:
proteins called
microtubules that hold
the organelles loosely
in place
Endoplasmic Reticulum:
transportation system for the
cell; E.R.
Nuclear Membrane (Nuclear
Envelope): regulates what
goes in and out of the nucleus:
phospholipid bilayer
Ribosomes: Make proteins
(sequence amino acids); aka
protein synthesis (travels via
the E.R.)
Nucleus: contains DNA,
chromosomes and chromatin,
the genetic material of the cell
Nucleolus: produces rRNA,
parts for the ribosomes
Chromatin:
DNA/chromosomes; invisible
until it coils up
Vacuoles: storage for the cells;
food vacuoles, water vacuoles,
etc.; garage
Mitochondria: cell respiration;
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 +6H2O =
38 ATP
Converts food into ATP
Chloroplasts: Only in plant cells.
Perform photosynthesis in the
presence of light turning sunlight
energy into chemical energy;
6CO2 +6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2
Golgi Apparatus/Golgi Body:
Flattened sacs that act like the
Post Office for the cell. They
package and ship materials
outside the cell or to other cells.
Golgi Bodies:
Lysosome:
lys= to cut;
some=body
Where digestion
happens within
the cell.
Osmosis


Diffusion of water
across a membrane
Does not require ATP

Hyper

Above
Ex. Hyperactive


Hypo

Below
Ex. Hypodermic needle


(above/over active)
(below + skin)
Iso

Equal
Ex. Isobar

(same barometric
pressure)
Hypertonic





There are more solute (salt,
sugar, etc.) molecules
outside the cell
Water moves towards the
higher solute concentration
“salt sucks”
Cells shrink as they lose
water.
Egg in salt water is
hypertonic and will lose
water.
Hypotonic





There are fewer solute (salt)
molecules outside the cell
water will move into the cell.
The cell will gain water and grow
larger.
In animal cells, organelles called
CONTRACTILE VACUOLES will
pump water out of the cell to prevent
this.
The egg in fresh water is hypotonic
and water will enter the egg.
Isotonic



Concentration of
solute (salt) is equal
on both sides.
Water will move back
and forth across
membrane.
No change on the
overall amount of
water on either side.