Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Cytokinesis wikipedia , lookup
Extracellular matrix wikipedia , lookup
Cell growth wikipedia , lookup
Cell nucleus wikipedia , lookup
Endomembrane system wikipedia , lookup
Cellular differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Tissue engineering wikipedia , lookup
Organ-on-a-chip wikipedia , lookup
Cell encapsulation wikipedia , lookup
Cells The basic unit of life © susan anderson 2008-2010 Discovery of Cells 1590 – Invention of the microscope allowed people to see cells for the first time. Hand lens is simple microscope. A compound microscope has more than one lens. Early Cell Scientists Robert Hooke – one of the first to see cells Saw cork cells Named them “cells” 1663 Van Leeuwenhoek Mid 1600’s Viewed pond water Saw small organisms (he called animalcules) Early Cell Scientists Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow 1838 – botanist Schwann – zoologist Virchow – doctor (1855) Together developed “The Cell Theory” Schleiden “The Cell Theory” All living things are made of cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. Cells all come from other cells. **This theory holds true for all living things Looking inside cells - Organelles Cell Wall – rigid outer layer of plant and some other cells. Cell Membrane – selectively permeable boundary Looking inside cells - Organelles Nucleus – control center Nuclear membrane protects nucleus/boundary. Chromatin are the strands of genetic material. Nucleolus is where ribosomes are made. Looking inside cells - Organelles Cytoplasm – between the cell membrane and the nucleus; gel-like fluid. Mitochondria – produces most of the energy for the cell. Endoplasmic Reticulum –passageways around the cell. Looking inside cells - Organelles Ribosomes – builders of proteins Golgi Bodies – package and distribute chemicals in the cell. Chloroplasts – found in plant cells, capture energy from the sun and use it to make food. Looking inside cells - Organelles Vacuoles – store food and other materials Lysosomes – break down old materials and release materials to be recycled. Bacterial Cells Does not have a nucleus (prokaryote) Genetic material found in cytoplasm Only organelles are ribosomes Cells that have a nucleus, like plants and animals are called eukaryotes. Cell Specialization Cells’ structure reflect their function Blood cells Skin cells Nerve cells