Download notes for cells/transports (class notes)

Cells: Structure & function
1. What are cells?
2. Cells are the basic unit of ALL living things
3. “cell” was coined by Robert Hooke
viewing cork cells
1. What are cells?
2. Cells come in many sizes (mm – nm)
1. What are cells?
2. All cells share these traits
3. a cell membrane
3. Cytoplasm
3. DNA (genetic material)
1. What are cells?
2. Cells are classified
3. Prokaryotic cells have NO nucleus
3. Eukaryotic cells HAVE a nucleus
1. How do cell structures help the cell?
2. Cytoplasm
3. Thick fluid contains nutrients & organelles
3. Contains cytoskeleton
1. How do cell structures help the cell?
2. Cytoskeleton
3. Contains filaments & fibers
4. Supports cell shape
4. Helps to move materials
1. How do cell structures help the cell?
2. Nucleus
3. Control center of cell
3. Contains
4. Chromosomes (chromatin)
4. Nucleolus
1. How do cell structures help the cell?
2. Nucleolus
• 3. Forms ribosomes
1. How do cell structures help the cell?
2. Ribosomes
3. Make proteins
1. How do cell structures help the cell?
2. Cell membrane
3. Controls what goes in & out of cell
1. How do cell structures help the cell?
2.Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
3. RER transports (like a highway)
3. Ribosomes attached to surface
1. How do cell structures help the cell?
2. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
3. No attached ribosomes
3. Has enzymes that help build lipid molecules
1. How do cell structures help the cell?
2. Golgi body
• 3.Packaging & shipping station of cell
1. How do cell structures help the cell?
2. Mitochondria
3.Have their own DNA
3.Bound by double membrane
3. Break down fuel molecules (cellular respiration)
– Glucose
– Fatty acids
3. Release energy
– ATP
1. How do cell structures help the cell?
2. Lysosomes
• 3. Contain enzymes
• 3. Functions
– Break down old cell parts
1. How do cell structures help the cell?
2. Centrioles
• 3. Pairs of microtubular structures
• 3. Play a role in cell division
• 3. Animal cells
1. How do cell structures help the cell?
• 2. Cell Walls
3.Found in plants, fungi, & many protists
3. Supports & protects cell
1. How do cell structures help the cell?
2. Chloroplasts
3.Carries out photosynthesis
3.Makes cellular food – glucose
1. How do cell structures help the cell?
2. Vacuoles
• 3. Membrane bound storage sacs
• 3. More common in plants than animals
•
4. Contents
– Water
– Food
– wastes
1. What is the job of the cell
membrane and how is it organized?
2. Function:
Regulates what goes in and out of cells
1. What is the job of the cell membrane and
how is it organized?
2. 2 main parts:
3. Phospholipid bilayer
3. Proteins
1. What is the job of the cell membrane and
how is it organized?
2. Phospholipid bilayer: 2 layers
3. Outside=hydrophilic : likes water
3. Inside=hydrophobic : hates water
1. What is the job of the cell membrane and
how is it organized?
2. Proteins
3. transporters, receptors, enzymes & anchors
1. What is the job of the cell membrane and
how is it organized?
2. Proteins
3. transporters, receptors, enzymes & anchors
1. What is the job of the cell membrane and
how is it organized?
2. Fluid Mosaic Model describes how:
3. membrane molecules move
3.there are many types of molecules
1. Why do cow barns smell worse on
warm days?
2. Diffusion:
Movement of particles from greater to
lesser concentration
1. Why do cow barns smell worse on warm days?
2. Molecules eventually reach equilbrium
1. Why do cow barns smell worse on warm
days?
2. Several factors impact the speed of diffusion
3. heat
3. motion
3. concentration
1. Why do cow barns smell worse on warm days?
2. Gases diffuse in and out of cells
3. O2, CO2 because they are SMALL
1. Why do cow barns smell worse on warm days?
2. Large molecules move through protein channels
3. Facilitated diffusion: no ATP energy/with
concentration gradient
3. active transport: uses ATP energy/
against concentration gradient
1. How do cells respond to changing
water conditions?
2. Water moves in and out of a cell by
osmosis (water diffusion)
SALT SUCKS!!!!!
1. How do cells respond to changing water conditions?
2. Cells can…
3. take in water
3. maintain water
3. lose water
1. How do cells respond to changing water conditions?
2. Osmosis depends on the concentrations
of solutes (salts)
3. Hypotonic= less salts/more water
3. Isotonic= equal salts
3. Hypertonic=
more salts/less water
1. How do cells respond to changing water conditions?
2. Examples of osmosis
3. wilting celery – lost water; crisp celery upgain water
3. swollen ankle will lose water to Epsom salt
bath