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What is a cell?
It is what all living things are made of.
DEFINITION
A cell is the basic unit of any organism or
living thing. This means that it is the smallest
“part” that is able to carry out life processes.
THE DISCOVERY
OF CELLS:
In 1590, the microscope was invented by Zacharias Janssen
At almost the same time, Galileo invented the telescope!
By 1650, Anton van Leeuwenhoek and other scientists were
using simple microscopes to examine many different materials.
In 1655, Robert Hooke observed dead cork
cells using a very basic
microscope.
Van Leeuwenhoek discovered protozoa in 1674 and bacteria in 1683.
From discoveries like these came the formation of the cell theory.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CELL THEORY:
Cell Theory
The Cell Theory
When Schleiden and Schwann proposed the cell theory in 1838,
cell biology research was forever changed.
The cell theory and three parts and states that:
All life forms are made from one or more cells.
Cells only arise from pre-existing cells.
The cell is the smallest form of life.
Types of Microscopes
Eyepiece
Body Tube
Coarse Adjustment Knob
Arm
Fine Adjustment Knob
Base
Nosepiece
Objective
Lenses
Stage Clips
Stage
Diaphragm
Illuminator
THE COMMON HOUSE FLY
Viewing cells and organisms
• Dry Mount
• Wet Mount
http://www.pbrc.hawaii.edu/bemf/microangela/
Life Processes
Life processes are characteristics of living things. These are activities or processes
carried out by the cells of all living things. Whether an organism is only one cell or
made up of many cells, all living things:
produce organisms of the same kind,
obtain energy from the environment
(the chemical activities involved in this are called metabolism and include
processes such as respiration and excretion),
move,
grow and develop at some point during their life spans,
and respond to stimuli in their environments.
How Big Are Cells?
So what about viruses?
amoeba
Cell
Shapes
Green algae
White blood cell
Red blood cell
Nerve cell
Cell Function
In multicellular
organisms, each
kind of cell does its
own special job.
This is known as
specialization.
Classification of Organisms based on type of cells
Green algae
Rod-shaped bacteria
Fungus cell
Plant cells from a leaf
5 Kingdoms of Organisms
with cells that differ in their
characteristics:Protists; Fungi;
Monera; Plants; Animals
Mouse cells
QUESTION:
How does a cell, especially an organism that is
only made up of a single cell, carry out all of the
activities and the life processes and survive ?
Parts of Cells
ANSWER:
The cells have even smaller parts
called organelles (tiny organs).
•nucleus
•cytoplasm
•Golgi body
•cell wall
•mitochondria
•vacuoles
•endoplasmic reticulum
•lysosomes
•cell membrane
•ribosomes
Bibliography
http://www.neosoft.com/~uthman/blood_cells.html
http://library.thinkquest.org/3564/
http://megasun.bch.umontreal.ca/protists/protists.html
http://www.plantbio.ohiou.edu/pbc/plasmos/home.htm#contents
http://www.pbrc.hawaii.edu/bemf/microangela/
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/cells/cells2.html
http://www.cellsalive.com/
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/cells/cells3.html
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/hooke.html