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Transcript
The Cell So, what is a cell? A cell is the smallest living thing that can perform all of the life functions. Cell Theory 1. The cell is the smallest living thing that can perform all of the functions of life. 2. All living things are made of cells. 3. All cells come only from other living cells Pop Quiz Question #1 Match each scientist to his “discovery” C _____He was the first person to describe cells A. Schleiden A _____He concluded that all plants were made of cells B. Virchow E _____He concluded that all animal tissues were made of cells B _____He concluded that all cells come from other cells D. Leeuwenhoek D _____He was the first to see living cells C. Hooke E. Schwann How big is a cell? http://www.cellsalive.com/howbig.htm Pop Quiz Question #3 Which statement is a part of the cell theory? A. All cells come from synthetic molecules. B. Atoms are the smallest living thing to perform all life functions C. All living things are made of cells D. All matter is made of atoms Levels of Organization The bodies of unicellular organisms are very simple The bodies of multicellular organisms are more complex Individual cells may have a specific function to do (i.e. nerve cells, brain cells, blood cells) , but they also work together cells tissues organs organ systems organisms Pop Quiz Question #4 What does multicellular mean? A. B. C. D. No cells Half a cell One cell Many cells Part two: cell structure and function Cell structures Organelles—any part of a cell that is enclosed by a membrane (AKA “little organs”) Animal cell structures Vacuole—stores water and other chemicals W Rough endoplasmic reticulum—ER is an extension of the cell membrane that forms a network of tubes through the cell, which transports materials through the cell. The rough endoplasmic reticulum contains ribosomes. W Smooth endoplasmic reticulum—does not contain ribosomes Lysosome—contains chemicals used to break down materials taken into the cell W Golgi apparatus—takes materials manufactured by the endoplasmic reticulum and processes them (also called a Golgi body) W Cytoplasm—a jelly-like material in the cell W Mitochondria—use oxygen to get energy from processing food W Cell membrane—a protective layer that controls what goes in and out of the cell W Centriole—(only in animal cells) used in mitosis Nucleus—controls the cell and contains the genetic material (DNA); the largest organelle inside the cell W Ribosome—make proteins W Pop Quiz Question #5 Which organelle could be thought of as the cell’s UPS company? A. B. C. D. Endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondria Golgi bodies Ribosomes Pop Quiz Question #6 Which organelle could be thought of as the cell’s power plant? A. B. C. D. Endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondria Golgi bodies Ribosomes Pop Quiz Question #7 Which organelle could be thought of as the cell’s computer or brain? A. B. C. D. Lysosome Mitochondria Nucleus Ribosomes Plant Cell Structures Cell wall—a tough outer covering that lies just outside the cell membrane; it supports and protects the cell (only in plant cells) Mitochondria—use oxygen to get energy from processing food Ribosome—make proteins Nucleolus—located inside the nucleus; works with ribosomes in the synthesis of protein Cytoplasm—a jelly-like material in the cell Vacuole--stores water Cell membrane—controls what goes in and out of the cell Golgi apparatus—takes materials manufactured by the endoplasmic reticulum and processes them. Rough endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Chloroplast—(only in plant cells) converts energy from the sun (photosynthesis) into sugar (glucose) which is used as energy by the plant Two cell types Eukaryotic cell—cells that have genetic material inside of the nucleus Prokaryotic cell—cells that have no separate compartment for genetic material Living Cell Rap Listen close to the story I tell. It's the rapping story of the living cell. It's a happy tune that's sort of cheery. About a real tough topic called the cell theory. All animals, plants, and protists too, Are made of cells with different jobs to do. They're units of all organisms, And I hope by now you got the rhythm. It started with a dude named Hooke. Who at some cork cells took a look. He used a scope and took his time. 'Cause a cell is small and thinner than a dime. Say 1, 2, 3, 4, Are you ready to learn about the cell some more? The animal cell has many parts, And you must know each one by heart. Like the farmer man in the dell. The nucleus runs the entire cell. Its gives the orders—kind of like a brain. And it's protected by a nuclear membrane. Around the cell, you'll find a "skin," The cell membrane holds the whole cell in But its job isn’t simple, no doubt, It lets some things go in and out. Now please don't lose your cell enthusiasm, Listen to the story of the cytoplasm. Around the cell this fluid does go, But in the nucleus it does not flow. And don't forget those ribosomes— It’s all about protein homes. These protein “plants” are small, you agree, You need a powerful scope to see. Just when you thought you weren't having no fun, Along comes endoplasmic reticulum. These tubelike structures serve as a track, To carry stuff to the membrane and back. You ever seen doughnuts with no holes? In a cell, they're called vacuoles. They're filled with stuff like H2O They carry food so the cell can grow. Last of all, but not the least, Mitochondria - the cellular beasts, They turn sugars into energy well, We call them the powerhouse of the cell. Now my friend, you know it well, The incredible story of the living cell.