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Cell Theory
1. All living things
are made of
one or more
cells
2. All cells arise
from other cells
Cells Must Be Small!!!!
• Humans have over http://htwins.net/scale2/?bordercolor=white
100 trillion cells
• Size range from 5
nanometers to 20
nanometers
• All things coming and
going must cross the
cell membrane
• If the cells surface
area to volume ration
is to low things will
take to long to
happen.
Two Types of Cells
Prokaryotes1. Simple Single Cells
2. Earliest Known Cells
(3.5 bya)
3. Bacteria Only
4. No nucleus or
complex organelles
5. Have a Cell Wall
Two Types of Cells
Eukaryotes
1. Complex Cells
2. Animals, Plants,
Fungi and Protists
have this type of cell
3. They have a nucleus
and complex
organelles
4. Plants, Fungi and
some Protists have
cell walls Animals do
not.
Cell Membrane
1. “The Guard”
2. Defines the shape of
the cell.
3. Controls what goes
in and out.
4. Made up of
Phospholipids
Cell Wall
1. “The 2x4”
2. Found in Plants,
Fungi, Bacteria and
some Protist.
3. NO ANIMALS have
cell walls.
4. Creates strength,
and protection
5. Made of Cellulose in
Plants
Nucleus
• “Brain” of the Cell
• Usually the largest of
the organelles
• Holds DNA and
directs the production
of proteins
Mitochondria
1. “Power House” of
the cell
2. Cellular respiration
takes place here
3. Creates ATP
(Adenosine Tri-Phosphate)
from glucose
3. ATP= usable energy
for cell function
Chloroplasts
1. “The Solar Panels”
2. Collects energy from
the sun and turns it
into sugar
(Photosynthesis)
3. Found in
photosynthetic
organisms
4. Uses the Lipid
Chlorophyll (makes
plants green) to do
it’s dirty work.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6y7vBMyQZ3c&feature=fvst
Ribosome
1. “Protein Factory”
2. Helps create
proteins using
mRNA and tRNA
during the process
of protein synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
1. “Packaging Plant”
2. Takes proteins
from the
ribosome and
adds things to
them to finish
the protein
Golgi Complex
1. “UPS Store”
2. Takes Proteins from
the ER and
packages them for
transport around and
out of the cell.
Vesicles
1. “Moving Truck”
2. Membrane bound
bubble that helps
move things into,
around, and out of
the cell often created
by the Golgi.
Vacuole
1. “U-Store It”
2. Stores water, waste
and nutrients
3. Huge in plants.
4. Helps give strength
to the cell and stores
water for later use.
5. Plants will wilt when
water is removed
from the Central
Vacuole.
Steps to Protein Synthesis
1. DNA in the Nucleus opens one gene
(instructions for a protein) which is copied by
the mRNA.
2. mRNA takes the instructions to the Ribosome
3. The Ribosome creates the protein and sends it
to the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER).
4. The ER finishes the protein and sends it to the
Golgi Complex to be packaged in Vesicles
and labeled.
5. The Vesicles carry the finished proteins to the
Cell Membrane for removal from the cell to be
used else ware in the body.