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at a af f Af fil i P r a te ot o Ac col kn s In owl iti ed a Fu ted ged nd Pr ing ot o Ho col st s Co ed nt Lil emp ac o Da rar ta y D St Crimmins, T. M. et al. Targeted campaign increases activity among participants in Nature’s Notebook, a citizen science project. Natural Sciences Education (In Press). ● Regetz, J., Davies, T. J., Wolkovich, E. M., Bolmgren, K. & McGill, B. J. Phylogenetically weighted regression: a method for modeling non-stationarity on evolutionary trees. Systematic Biology (Submitted). Denny, E. G. et al. Standardized phenology monitoring methods to track plant and animal activity for science and resource management applications. International Journal of Biometeorology (2014). doi:10.1007/s00484014-0789-5 Matthews, E. R. et al. Natural Resource Report - California Phenology Project (CPP) plant phenological monitoring protocol: Version 1. Natural Resource Report (National Park Service , 2014). Archetti, M, Richardson, AD, O’Keefe, J, Delpierre, N. Predicting Climate Change Impacts on the Amount and Duration of Autumn Colors in a New England Forest. PLoS ONE (2013). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057373 Ault, T. R. et al. The False Spring of 2012, Earliest in North American Record. EOS 181-182 (2013). doi:10.1002/2013EO200001 Benz, S. et al. Workshop 1: Conference on Public Participation in Scientific Research 2012: An International, Interdisciplinary Conference The. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America (2013). de Beurs, K. M, et. al. "Vegetation Phenology in Global Change." In Phenology: An Integrative Environmental Science . 2nd ed. Phenology: An Integrative Environmental Science. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2013. de Beurs, K. M, Robert B Cook, SJ Mazer, Brian Haggerty, Alisa Hove, G.M. Henebry, LoriAnne Barnett, Carolyn L Thomas, and Bob R Pohlad. “Phenology In Higher Education: Ground-Based And Spatial Analysis Tools ”. In Phenology: An Integrative Environmental Science . 2nd ed. Phenology: An Integrative Environmental Science. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2013. Courter, J. R., Johnson, R. J., Bridges, W. C. & Hubbard, K. G. Assessing migration of Ruby-throated Hummingbirds (ARCHILOCHUS COLUBRIS ) at broad spatial and temporal scales. The American Ornithologists’ Union 107−117 (2013). Crimmins, T. M., Bertelsen, D. C. & Crimmins, M. A. Within-season flowering interruptions are common in the water-limited Sky Islands. International Journal of Biometeorology (2013). Crimmins, T. M., Crimmins, M. A. & Bertelsen, D. C. Spring and summer patterns in flowering onset, duration, and constancy across a water-limited gradient. American Journal of Botany 1-11 (2013). ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● at a af f Af fil i P r a te ot o Ac col kn s In owl iti ed a Fu ted ged nd Pr ing ot o Ho col st s Co ed nt Lil emp ac o Da rar ta y D St Davies, T. J. et al. Phylogenetic conservatism in plant phenology. Journal of Ecology, Volume 101, Issue 6, pages 1520–1530 (2013). Davies T.J., et al. Phylogenetic conservatism in plant phenology. Journal of Ecology (2013). doi:10.1111/13652745.12154 Enquist, C. A. F., Kellermann, J. L., Gerst, K. L. & Miller-Rushing, A. J. Phenology research for natural resource management in the U.S. . International Journal of Biometeorology (2013). Euskirchen, E. S., Carman, T. B. & McGuire, A. D. Changes in the structure and function of northern Alaskan ecosystems when considering variable leaf-out times across groupings of species in a dynamic vegetation model. Global Change Biology (2013). doi:10.1111/gcb.12392 Fleishman, E. et al. Assessment of Climate Change in the Southwestern US. National Climate Assessment, Southwest Climate Alliance (2013). Haggerty, B. P., Matthews, E. R., Gerst, K. L., Evenden, A. G. & Mazer, S. J. The California Phenology Project: Tracking Plant Responses to Climate Change. BioOne, Madroño 1-3 (2013). doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3120/0024-9637-60.1.1 Haggerty, B., Hove, A., Mazer, S. J. & Barnett, L. Birds, Butterflies, Bullfrogs and Beyond: Bring Biology to Life through Citizen Science (Cornell Lab of Ornithology, 2013). Henebry, GM " Phenologies of North American Grasslands and Grasses." In Phenology: An Integrative Environmental Science . 2nd ed. Phenology: An Integrative Environmental Science. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2013. Henebry, G.M., and Kirsten M De Beurs. “Remote Sensing Of Land Surface Phenology: A Prospectus”. In Phenology: An Integrative Environmental Science . 2nd ed. Phenology: An Integrative Environmental Science. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2013. Inouye, David, Wielgolaski, Frans E. "Phenology at High Altitudes." In Phenology: An Integrative Environmental Science . 2nd ed. Phenology: An Integrative Environmental Science. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2013. Janetos, A. C. et al. National Climate Assessment Indicators: Background, Development, & Examples. Technical Input Report for the US Global Change Research Program 2013. National Climate Assessment (2013). ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● at a af f Af fil i P r a te ot o Ac col kn s In owl iti ed a Fu ted ged nd Pr ing ot o Ho col st s Co ed nt Lil emp ac o Da rar ta y D St Jeong, S. - J., Medvigy, D., Shevliakova, E. & Malyshev, S. Predicting changes in temperate forest budburst using continental-scale observations and models. Geophysical Research Letters 1-6 (2013). Liang, L. & Schwartz, M. Testing a growth efficiency hypothesis with continental-scale phenological variations of common and cloned plants. Int J Biometeorol (2013). doi:DOI 10.1007/s00484-013-0691-6 Matthews, E. R. et al. California Phenology Project: Report on pilot phase activities, 2010-2013. Natural Resource Report (National Park Service, 2013). Mazer, S. J. et al. Flowering date of taxonomic families predicts phenological sensitivity to temperature: Implications for forecasting the effects of climate change on unstudied taxa. American Journal of Botany (2013). McCabe, J. G., Ault, T. R., Cook, B. I., Bentancourt, J. L. & Schwartz, M. D. Influences of ENSO and PDO on the Timing of North American Spring. International Journal of Climatology (2013). doi:10.1002/joc.3400 McCabe, G. J., Betancourt, J. L., Pederson, G. T. & Schwartz, M. Variability Common to First Leaf Dates and Snowpack in the Western Conterminous United States. American Meteorological Society (2013). doi:10.1175/2013EI000549.1 Medvigy, D., Jeong, S. - J., Clark, K. L., Skowronski, N. S. & Schäfer, K. V. R. Effects of seasonal variation of photosynthetic capacity on the carbon fluxes of a temperate deciduous forest. American Geophysical Union (2013). doi:10.1002/2013JG002421 Pau, S. et al. Clouds and temperature drive dynamic changes in tropical flower production. Climate Change (2013). Posthumus, E. E. et al. Nature's Notebook and Extension: Engaging Citizen-Scientists and 4-H Youth to Observe a Changing Environment. Journal of Extension (2013). Richardson, A. D. et al. Climate change, phenology, and phenological control of vegetation feedbacks to the climate system. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 156-173 (2013). Rosemartin, A. H. et al. Organizing Phenological Data Resources to Inform Natural Resource Conservation. Biological Conservation (2013). Schwartz, M. D., Hanes, J. M. & Liang, L. Comparing Carbon Flux and High-resolution Spring Phenological Measurements in a Northern Mixed Forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Volume 169, 136-147 (2013). ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● at a af f Af fil i P r a te ot o Ac col kn s In owl iti ed a Fu ted ged nd Pr ing ot o Ho col st s Co ed nt Lil emp ac o Da rar ta y D St Schwartz, M. D., Ault, T. R. & Betancourt, J. L. Spring onset variations and trends in the continental USA: Past and regional assessment using temperature-based indices. (2013). doi:0.1002/joc.3625 Schwartz, M. D., Hanes, J. M. & Liang, L. Comparing Carbon Flux and High-resolution Spring Phenological Measurements in a Northern Mixed Forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Volume 169, 136-147 (2013). Schwartz, MD, E Beaubien, JF Weltzin, and TM Crimmins. “Phenological Data, Networks, And Research: North America”. In Phenology: An Integrative Environmental Science . 2ndnd ed. Phenology: An Integrative Environmental Science. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2013. Schwartz, M. D., Enquist, C. A. F. & Denny, E. G. Phenological implications of warming temperatures and extreme climatic events. EOS, Transactions American Geophysical Union (2013). Schwartz, M. D., Enquist, C. A. F. & Denny, E. D. Phenological Implications of Warming Temperatures and Extreme Climatic Events. EOS 99 (2013). Staudinger, M. D. et al. Biodiversity in a changing climate: a synthesis of current and projected trends in the U.S. Frontiers in Ecology & Evolution 11:465-473 (2013). Stein, B. A. et al. Preparing for and managing change: climate adaptation for biodiversity and ecosystems. Ecology and the Environment 502-510 (2013). Tierney, G. et al. Phenology monitoring protocol: Northeast Temperate Network. Natural Resource Report NPS/NETN//NRR—2013/681 (National Park Service, 2013). Wielgolaski, Frans E., and David W. Inouye. "Phenology at High Latitudes." In Phenology: An Integrative Environmental Science . 2nd ed. Phenology: An Integrative Environmental Science. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2013. Cleland, E. E. et al. Phenological tracking enables positive species responses to climate change. Ecology 17651771 (2012). Cook, B. I., Wolkovich, E. M. & Parmesan, C. Divergent responses to spring and winter warming drive community level flowering trends. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 9000-9005 (2012). Cook, B.I., et al. Sensitivity of spring phenology to warming across temporal and spatial climate gradients in two independent databases. Ecosystems (2012). ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● at a af f Af fil i P r a te ot o Ac col kn s In owl iti ed a Fu ted ged nd Pr ing ot o Ho col st s Co ed nt Lil emp ac o Da rar ta y D St Courter, J. R., Johnson, R. J., Stuyck, C. M., Lang, B. A. & Kaiser, E. W. Weekend bias in Citizen Science data reporting: implications for phenology studies. International Journal of Biometeorology 1-6 (2012). doi:10.1007/s00484-012-0598-7 Cross, M., Girvetz, E., Schragg, A. & Enquist, C. Integrating Climate Change Science into Large-Scale Conservation. Conservation and climate disruption: Ecoregional science and practice in a changing climate (2012). ● Davies, T. N., Kraft, N. J. B., Salamin, N. & Wolkovich, E. M. Incompletely resolved phylogenetic trees inflate estimates of phylogenetic conservatism. Ecology 242-247 (2012). Dhruv, S. Backyards and Beyond: Neighborhood Nature Clubs Community Organizational Guide and Tool Kit. Backyards & Beyond, The University of Arizona, Cooperative Extension, 4-H Youth Development 22 (2012). Dhruv, S. Backyards and Beyond: Club Explorer's Journal. Backyards & Beyond, The University of Arizona, Cooperative Extension, 4-H Youth Development 94 (2012). Diez, J. M. et al. Forecasting phenology: from species variability to community patterns. Ecology Letters 15, 545-553 (2012). ● Enquist, C., Rosemartin, A. & Schwartz, M. D. Identifying and prioritizing phenological data products and tools. Eos Meeting Reports (2012). ● Fleishman, E. et al. Chapter 8, in: Assessment of Climate Change in the Southwest United States: a Technical Report Prepared for the U.S. National Climate Assessment. A report by the Southwest Climate Alliance. outhwest United States: a Technical Report Prepared for the U.S. National Climate Assessment (2012). ● Hufkens, K., et al. Ecological impacts of a widespread frost event following early spring leaf-out. Global Change Biology 2365-2377 (2012). doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02712.x Hufkens, K., et al. Linking near-surface and satellite remote sensing measurements of deciduous broadleaf forest phenology. Remote Sensing of Environment 307-321 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.rse.2011.10.006 Migliavacca, M. et al. On the uncertainty of phenological responses to climate change and its implication for terrestrial biosphere models. Biogeosciences 2063-2083 (2012). doi:10.5194/bg-9-2063-2012. Sankey, J. B., Germino, M. J., Benner, S. G., Glenn, N. F. & Hoover, A. N. Transport of biologically important nutrients by wind in an eroding cold desert. Aeolian Research (2012). doi:10.1016/j.aeolia.2012.01.003 ● Schwartz, M. D., Betancourt, J. L. & Weltzin, J. F. From Caprio’s Lilacs to the USA National Phenology Network. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment (2012). ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● at a af f Af fil i P r a te ot o Ac col kn s In owl iti ed a Fu ted ged nd Pr ing ot o Ho col st s Co ed nt Lil emp ac o Da rar ta y D St Sonnentag, O. et al. Digital repeat photography for phenological research in forest ecosystems. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 159-177 (2012). doi:doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.09.009 Staudinger, M. D. et al. Chapter 2, in: Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity, Ecosystems, and Ecosystem Services: Technical Input to the 2013 National Climate Assessment. (2012). Stein, B. A. et al. Chapter 6, in: Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity, Ecosystems, and Ecosystem Services: Technical Input to the 2013 National Climate Assessment. A Cooperative Report to the 2013 National Climate Assessment. (2012). Weltzin, J. F. "Citizen science: Tracking global change with public participation in scientific research." Observation and Ecology: Broadening the Scope of Science to Understand a Complex World. 25-26 (Island Press, 2012). Wolkovich, E. M. et al. Warming experiments underpredict plant phenological responses to climate change. Nature 494-497 (2012). Auer, T., Rosemartin, A., Miller, D., Marsh, L. & Crawford, S. Web-based Visualization of Phenology Data. IEEE VisWeek (2011). Crimmins, T. M., Crimmins, M. A. & Bertelsen, C. D. Onset of summer flowering in a ‘Sky Island’ is driven by monsoon moisture. New Phytologist 191, 468-479 (2011). Crimmins, S. M., Dobrowski, S. Z., Greenberg, J. A., Abatzoglou, J. T. & Mynsberge, A. R. Changes in climatic water balance drive downhill shifts in plant species’ optimum elevations. Science 331, 324-327 (2011). Enquist, C. Landscape Conservation Cooperatives: A budding partnership. The Wildlife Professional (2011). Glick, P. et al. Scanning the conservation horizon: a guide to climate change vulnerability assessment. The National Wildlife Federation (2011). McCabe, G. J., Ault, T. R., Cook, B. I., Betancourt, J. L. & Schwartz, M. D. Influences of the El Nino Southern Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation on the timing of the North American spring. International Journal of Climatology (2011). doi:10.1002/joc.3400. Miller-Rushing, A. & Enquist, C. Standards and tools for using phenology in science, management, and education. Park Science (2011). Nolan, V. P. & Weltzin, J. F. Phenology for Science, Resource Management, Decision Making, and Education. EOS (2011). ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● at a af f Af fil i P r a te ot o Ac col kn s In owl iti ed a Fu ted ged nd Pr ing ot o Ho col st s Co ed nt Lil emp ac o Da rar ta y D St Pau, S. et al. Predicting phenology by integrating ecology, evolution and climate science. Global Change Biology 3633-3643 (2011). doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02515.x Souza, L., Bunn, W. A., Weltzin, J. F. & Sanders, N. J. Similar biotic factors affect early establishment and abundance of an invasive plant species across spatial scales. 255-267 (2011). doi:10.1007/s10530-010-9805-9 Crimmins, M. A., Bertelsen, C. D. & Crimmins, T. M. Complex responses to climate drivers in onset of spring flowering across a semi-arid elevation gradient. Journal of Ecology 1042-1051 (2010). Davis, C. C., Willis, C. G., Primack, R. B. & Miller-Rushing, A. J. The importance of phylogeny to the study of phenological response to global climate change. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, 3201-3213 (2010). Forrest, J. & Miller-Rushing, A. J. Toward a synthetic understanding of the role of phenology in ecology and evolution. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 3101-3112 (2010). doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0145 Ibanez, I. et al. Forcasting phenology under global warming. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 3247-3260 (2010). doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0120 Kish, G. R., Sheftall, W. L., Reinman, J. & Farmer, A. F. Meeting review of the First Florida Phenology Workshop, Gainesville, Florida, May 13, 2009. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 262-263 (2010). Lambert, A. M., Miller-Rushing, A. J. & Inouye, D. W. Changes in snowmelt date and summer precipitation affect the flowering phenology of Erythronium grandiflorum (glacier lily; Liliaceae). Am. J. Bot. 97, 1431-1437 (2010). Miller-Rushing, A. J. Wildlife Watchers Aid Climate Research: A New Effort to Monitor Changes in Wildlife Phenology. The Wildlife Professional Summer 2010, (2010). Miller-Rushing, A. J., Hoye, T. T., Inouye, D. W. & Post, E. The effects of phenological mismatches on demograpy. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 3177-3186 (2010). doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0148 Schwartz, M. D. & Hanes, J. M. Continental-scale phenology: warming and chilling. International Journal of Climatology 1595-1598 (2010). Schwartz, M. D. & Hanes, J. M. Intercomparing Multiple Measures of the Onset of Spring in Eastern North America. International Journal of Climatology 1614-1626 (2010). Weltzin, J. F. Phenology and ecosystem processes (book review). Ecology 91, 1874-1875 (2010). Crimmins, T. M., Crimmins, M. A. & Bertelsen, C. D. Flowering range changes across an elevation gradient in response to warming summer temperatures. Global Change Biology 15, 1141-1152 (2009). ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● at a af f Af fil i P r a te ot o Ac col kn s In owl iti ed a Fu ted ged nd Pr ing ot o Ho col st s Co ed nt Lil emp ac o Da rar ta y D St Miller-Rushing, A. J. & Primack, R. B. The impact of climate change on the flora of Thoreau's Concord. Arnoldia 66, 2-9 (2009). Miller-Rushing, A. J. & Weltzin, J. Phenology as a tool to link ecology and sustainable decision making in a dynamic environment. New Phytologist 184, 743–745 (2009). Primack, R. B., Higuchi, H. & Miller-Rushing, A. J. The impact of climate change on cherry trees and other species in Japan. Biological Conservation 142, 1943–1949 (2009). Primack, R. B. & Miller-Rushing, A. J. The role of botanical gardens in climate change research. New Phytologist 182, 303–313 (2009). Primack, R. B., Miller-Rushing, A. J. & Dharaneeswaran, K. Changes in the flora of Thoreau. Biological Conservation 142, 500–508 (2009). Schwartz, M. D. et al. : Intercomparison, Interpretation, and Assessment of Spring Phenology in North America Estimated from Remote Sensing for 1982 to 2006. Global Change Biology 2335-2359 (2009). Schwartz, M. D. & Hanes, J. M. Short Communication. International Journal of Climatology (2009). West, J. M. et al. U.S. Natural resources and climate change: concepts and approaches for management adaptation. . Environmental Management (2009). doi:10.1007/s00267-009-9345-1. Crimmins, M. A. & Crimmins, T. M. Monitoring plant phenology using digital repeat photography. Environmental (2008). Crimmins, T. M.,Management Crimmins, M.41, A.,949–958 Bertelsen, D. & Balmat, J. Relationships between alpha diversity of plant species in bloom and climatic variables across an elevation gradient. International Journal of Biometeorology 52, 353–366 (2008). McNeil, B. E., Denny, E. G. & Richardson, A. D. Coordinating a Northeast regional phenology network. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 188-190 (2008). Miller-Rushing, A. J. & Primack, R. B. Global warming and flowering times in Thoreau's Concord: a community perspective. Ecology 89, 332–341 (2008). Miller-Rushing, A. J., LLOYD-EVANS, T. L., Primack, R. B. & Satzinger, P. Bird migration times, climate change, and changing population sizes. Global Change Biology 14, 1959–1972 (2008). Miller-Rushing, A. J., Primack, R. B. & Stymeist, R. Interpreting Variation in Bird Migration Times as Observed by Volunteers. The Auk 125, 565–573 (2008). ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● at a af f Af fil i P r a te ot o Ac col kn s In owl iti ed a Fu ted ged nd Pr ing ot o Ho col st s Co ed nt Lil emp ac o Da rar ta y D St Miller-Rushing, A. J., Inouye, D. W. & Primack, R. B. How well do first flowering dates measure plant responses to climate change? The effects of population size and sampling frequency. Journal of Ecology 96, 1289–1296 (2008). Miller-Rushing, A. J. & Primack, R. B. Impacts of winter temperatures on two birch (Betula) species. Tree Physiology 28, 659–664 (2008). Morisette, J. T. et al. Tracking the rhythm of the seasons in the face of global change: phenological research in the 21st century. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment (2008). Willis, C. G., Ruhfel, B., Primack, R. B., Miller-Rushing, A. J. & Davis, C. C. Phylogenetic patterns of species loss in Thoreau's woods are driven by climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105, 17029 (2008). Miller-Rushing, A. J. & Primack, R. B. Global phenomenon in your back yard. Boston Globe (2007). Miller-Rushing, A. J. et al. Impact of global warming on a group of related species and their hybrids: cherry tree (Rosaceae) flowering at Mt. Takao, Japan. American Journal of Botany 94, 1470 (2007). Primack, R. B. & Miller-Rushing, A. J. Tracking global warming in public gardens. Public Garden 22, 7-9 (2007). Primack, R. B., Miller-Rushing, A. J., Primack, D. & Mukunda, S. Using Photographs to Show the Effects of Climate Change on Flowering Times. Arnoldia, Issue 65 (2007). Schwartz, M. D. et al. Past and Future Changes in Climate and Hydrological Indicators in the U.S. Northeast. Climate Dynamics 381-407 (2007). Schwartz, M. D. et al. On the use of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer for development of prognostic land surface phenology models. Ecological Modelling 144-156 (2007). Zhang, X., Tarpley, D. & Sullivan, J. T. Diverse responses of vegetation phenology to a warming climate. Geophysical Research Letters 34, L19405 (2007). Miller-Rushing, A. J., Primack, R. B., Primack, D. & Mukunda, S. Photographs and herbarium specimens as tools to document phenological changes in response to global warming. American Journal of Botany 93, 1667 (2006). Miller-Rushing, A. J. & Primack, R. B. Thoreau and climate change science. Thoreau Society Bulletin 256, 6-7 (2006). Primack, R. B. & Miller-Rushing, A. J. Local signs of a warming planet. CBS4 2007 Weather Almanac 28 (2006). ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● at a af f Af fil i P r a te ot o Ac col kn s In owl iti ed a Fu ted ged nd Pr ing ot o Ho col st s Co ed nt Lil emp ac o Da rar ta y D St Richardson, A. D., Bailey, A. S., Denny, E. G., Martin, C. W. & O’Keefe, J. Phenology of a northern hardwood forest canopy. Global Change Biology 1174-1188 (2006). Schwartz, M. D., Ahas, R. & Aasa, A. Onset of spring starting earlier across the northern hemisphere. Global Change Biology 12, 343-351 (2006). Tweed, E. J. et al. Breeding biology and success of a reintroduced population of the critically endangered puaiohi (Myadestes palmeri). The Auk 123, 753-763 (2006). Bonfils, C. et al. Extending the record of photosynthetic activity in the eastern United States into the presatellite period using surface diurnal temperature range. Geophysical Research Letters 32, L08405 (2005). Miller-Rushing, A. J. & Primack, R. B. The importance of naturalists in identifying global warming in our backyards. Bird Observer 33, 155–163 (2005). Miller-Rushing, A. J. & Primack, R. B. Herbarium specimens indicate climate change. Plant Talk 39, 11 (2005). Primack, R. B. & Miller-Rushing, A. J. Blooms in Boston: clues about our climate. CBS4 2006 Weather Almanac 21 (2005). Wolfe, D. W. et al. Climate change and shifts in spring phenology of three horticultural woody perennials in northeastern USA. International Journal of Biometeorology 49, 303–309 (2005). Ledneva, A., Miller-Rushing, A. J., Primack, R. B. & Imbres, C. Climate change as reflected in a naturalist's diary, Middleborough, Massachusetts. The Wilson Bulletin 116, 224–231 (2004). Miller-Rushing, A. J. & Primack, R. B. Climate change and plant conservation: plant conservation strategies need to anticipate climate change. Plant Talk 35, 34-38 (2004). Primack, D., Imbres, C., Primack, R. B., Miller-Rushing, A. J. & Del Tredici, P. Herbarium specimens demonstrate earlier flowering times in response to warming in Boston 1. American Journal of Botany 91, 1260–1264 (2004). Tweed, E. J. et al. Survival, dispersal, and home-range establishment of reintroduced captive-bred puaiohi, Myadestes palmeri. Biological Conservation 111, 1-9 (2003). Zhao, T. & Schwartz, M. D. Examining the onset of spring in Wisconsin. Climate Research 24, 59–70 (2003). Schwartz, M. D. & Chen, X. Examining the onset of spring in China. Climate Research 21, 157–164 (2002). Schwartz, M. D., Reed, B. C. & White, M. A. 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