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Guided Notes on Cell Parts
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Georgia Biology Standard 1 element a
• Cells can be broken up into two very broad categories
• Prokaryotic Cells
• Cells that lack a nucleus
• Lack membrane bound organelles
• Eukaryotic Cells
• Cell that have a nucleus
• Cell that have membrane bound organelles.
Out of the two….
• Prokaryotic cells are the SIMPLEST
• All prokaryotic cells are only one cell
• Prokaryotic cells are bacteria cells
• The pre-fix pro means before or prior
• The term karyo means nucleus
• Eukaryotic Cell are the more complex out of the two
• Plants and Animal (There are more)
Eukaryotic Cells continued….
• The term EU means True
• The term Karyo means nucleus
cells
•The more advanced Eukaryotic
_____________
contain
organelles
_______________that
allow the
specialization and separation of functions
within the cell. There are 2 types of
__________________,
Eukaryotic cells
__________________________
and
Plants cells
Animal cells
________________________________
cells. All 3 cells share some cell parts.
Some cell parts are only found in plant cells.
Some cell parts are only found in animal
cells.
Plasma Membrane
• The Plasma Membrane
surrounds the outside
of the cell.
• The Plasma Membrane
regulates what
compounds move in
or out of the cell.
• Found in ALL CELLS
Cell wall
• The Cell Wall is a
cellulose layer that
surrounds the plasma
membrane of
prokaryotes and plant
cells.
• It provides a rigid
protection and shape for
the cell.
Centrioles
• Centrioles occur in
pairs just outside the
nucleus of animal
cells.
• Centrioles play a
major role in cell
division.
Chloroplast
• Chloroplasts contain
chlorophyll and are the
site of photosynthesis
and ATP production in
autotrophic plant cells.
• Chloroplasts are the
green oval membranebound organelles that
are only found in plant
cells.
Chromatin
•Chromatin
allows DNA to fit
inside a cell.
• Along with DNA
it is also contains
proteins.
•Chromatin is
found in all cells.
Cytoplasm
•Cytoplasm is all
the contents of a
cell within the
plasma membrane
except the nucleus
and its contents.
• Found in all cells.
Cytoskeleton
• The cytoskeleton is a
tube-like structure
made from proteins
that are contained
within all cells’
cytoplasm.
• The cytoskeleton
maintains cell shape.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• The Endoplasmic
Reticulum is like a long
piece of string that is
looped back and forth
inside the cell.
• The Endoplasmic
Reticulum is connected to
the Nuclear membrane
and acts like a conveyer
belt.
• It helps move Ribosomes
and compounds around
the cell.
Flagellum
•Flagellum is a long,
threadlike
appendage,
especially a whip like
extension of certain
cells.
• It functions as an
organ of
locomotion.
Golgi Apparatus
• The Golgi Apparatus
only has a single
membrane.
• It is a series of
flattened stacks that
are surrounded by
smaller stacks.
• The Golgi Apparatus
makes Vesicles for
proteins and other
compounds.
Lysosome
• Lysosomes contain
hydrolytic enzymes that
digest or break down
molecules such as
proteins.
• Lysosomes help with
digestion.
• Lysosomes are not
commonly found in plant
cells.
Mitochondria
• Mitochondria are the
cells power plant.
• They use oxygen to
chemically burn sugar
and provide energy for
the cell.
• The bean shaped
Mitochondria float in
the cytoplasm.
Nucleolus
•The Nucleolus is
located in the
center of the
Nucleus.
•Ribosomes are
made in the
Nucleolus.
Nucleus
•The Nucleus is a
organelle containing
Chromatin, a term
applied to all the
chromosomes and
the Nucleolus.
•The Nucleus is the
control center of the
cell.
Nuclear Membrane
• The Nuclear
Envelope separates
the Nucleus from
the Cytoplasm.
• The Nuclear
Membrane
regulates what
moves in and out of
the Nucleus.
Ribosomes
• Ribosomes are composed of
ribosomal RNA and they are
not membrane-bound.
• They synthesize proteins by
putting together amino
acids.
• Ribosomes are small black
dots appearing inside the
cytoplasm and on the Rough
Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Vacuole
• Vacuoles tend to be
large in plant cells.
• They are membranebound, fluid-filled sac
inside plant and
animal cells.
• Vacuoles also store
nutrients and waste.
Vesicle
•Vesicles are circular
bubbles of liquids
within the
cytoplasm.
•The cell forms
membrane-enclosed
sacks that can store
or transport
substances.