Download Cellular Structures Animal Cell Guess the organelle! Mitochondrion

Guess the organelle!
Cellular Structures
…a “division of labour”
Animal Cell
• Tiny & oval shaped…
• Provides cell with needed energy in a
process called “respiration” whereby sugar
molecules are combined with oxygen to
form carbon dioxide & water…as the
products are formed, energy is released.
• Termed the “power plant” of cell
Mitochondrion
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Guess the organelle!
• Cell growth & reproduction require the
constant synthesis of proteins…
• Proteins are the molecules that make up
cell structure…
• Measure just 20 nm in length…
• Which organelles are responsible for the
synthesis of proteins?
Guess the organelle!
• Series of canals that carry materials
throughout the cytoplasm…
• The membranes can appear either
rough or smooth…
• rER is highly developed in cells of the
pancreas that secrete digestive
enzymes
• sER is free of ribosomes & is the area
in which fats or lipids are synthesized
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
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Guess the organelle!
• The “pancake-like” structures are actually
membranous sacs piled up on top of each
other…
• Protein molecules from the rER are stored within
this apparatus…
• The packaged protein membranes move
towards the cell membrane & fuse with the
membrane to be released as vesicles
(exocytosis)
Division of Labor example...
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Proteins reach the end of the ER
A sac forms around the proteins
Now called a vesicle
Vesicle breaks away from the ER and
moves towards the nearest sac of the
Golgi body
• Vesicle fuses & empties protein
molecules into the Golgi body
Golgi Bodies
Interaction of
Organelles
• nucleus
• ER
• ribosomes
• Golgi
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Division of Labor example...
• Proteins pass from one sac to another in
vesicles formed from the Golgi complex
(“mail must be sorted when it comes into
the post office”)
• Many membranes present in cells are
interchangeable…they can be recycled
from one part of the cell to another
(same basic structure)
Plasma (Cell) Membrane
Guess the organelle!
• Formed by the Golgi bodies
• Sac-like structures that contain digestive
enzymes which break down large molecules &
cell parts within the cytoplasm…
• The swelling & pain associated with arthritis
have been linked to the seepage of this
organelle…cortisone is thought to strengthen
this organelles membrane.
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Guess the organelle!
Flagellum and Cilia Structure
• Tiny threadlike fibers that transport
materials throughout the cytoplasm…
• Made of protein
• 2 types
• One is smaller than the other…
Flagellum and Cilia
Special Structures of Plants!
• The structures discussed to this point are found
in BOTH plant & animal cells
• Plant cells differ in that they can produce their
own food using specialized organelles called
PLASTIDS
• The VACUOLE is a fluid-filled space that
occupies much of the cytoplasm. It is a storage
space for sugars, minerals, & proteins.
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Special Structures of Plants!
• Most plant
cells are
surrounded by
a nonliving cell
wall made of
cellulose.
• Protects &
supports the
plant cell.
The Plant Cell Wall
Large Vacuoles
A loss of turgor pressure results in wilting plants
Plastids
• Chloroplasts
specialize in
photosynthesis;
green pigment
chlorophyll
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Plastids in Fruits and Vegetables
Guess the structure!
• Tiny microtubular structure found near the
nucleus of animal cells…
• Duplicate prior to sell division
• Play a role in cell division
• Chromoplasts store the orange & yellow
pigments found in numerous plants.
Storage Plastids
• Amyloplasts are
storehouses for
starch (potato
tubers & seeds)
• Colorless plastids
Centrioles
Special Animal Cell Structures
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