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Subject: Biology Grade Level: 10th Grade Unit Title: Unit 1- Structures and Functions of Living Organisms Big Idea/Theme: Structures and Functions of Living Organisms Timeframe Needed for Completion: 3 weeks (on a 90 min per day block schedule) Grading Period: 1st Nine Weeks Understandings: This unit is focused on the cell as the basic component of structure and function in living things. In particular, this unit focused on basic biochemistry and cell processes. Students will learn about cells and many of the molecules that are involved in cell function. Specifically, students will gain an understanding of: role of inquiry in investigating cells basic macromolecules found in living things, the structures of those molecules and their function in living systems. the function of those macromolecules within the context of cell structure the functions of various cell organelles the maintenance of homeostasis within a cell the replication of DNA in order to prepare for cell division sexual and asexual reproduction at the cellular level how DNA directs the production of proteins within a cell the effects of mutations on protein production the relationship of gene regulation, cell specialization, and cell communication Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells and their general structures Cell cycle and its phases Unicellular Organisms and their adaptations for survival Essential Questions: 1. Imagine you went back in time to 1776. How would you explain to people what a cell was? 2. If you were a stem cell and could specialize into any type of cell, what type would you turn into and why? Curriculum Goals/Objectives (to be assessed at the end of the unit/quarter) Bio.1.1 Understand the relationship between the structures and functions of cells and their organelles. Bio.1.1.1 Summarize the structure and function of organelles in eukaryotic cells (including: the nucleus, plasma membrane, cell wall, mitochondria, vacuoles, chloroplasts, and ribosomes) and ways that these organelles interact with each other to perform the function of the cell. Bio.1.1.2 Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of their general structures (plasma membrane and genetic material) and degree of complexity. Bio.1.1.3 Explain how instructions in DNA lead to cell differentiation and result in cells specialized to perform specific functions in multicellular organisms. Bio.1.2 Analyze the cell as a living system. Bio.1.2.1 Explain how homeostasis is maintained in the cell and within an organism in various environments (including: temperature and pH). Bio.1.2.2 Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis. Bio.1.2.3 Explain how specific cell adaptations help cells survive in particular environments (focus on unicellular organisms). Bio.3.1 Explain how traits are determined by the structure and function of DNA. Bio.3.1.1 Explain the double-stranded, complementary nature of DNA as related to its function in the cell. Bio.3.1.2 Explain how DNA and RNA code for proteins and determine traits. Bio.3.1.3 Explain how mutations in DNA that result from interactions with the environment (i.e. radiation and chemicals) or new combinations in existing genes lead to changes in function and phenotype. Bio.3.2 Understand how the environment, and/or the interaction of alleles, influences the expression of genetic traits. Bio.3.2.1 Explain the role of meiosis in sexual reproduction and genetic variation. Bio.4.1 Understand how biological molecules are essential to the survival of living organisms Bio.4.1.1 Compare the structures and functions of the major biological molecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) as related to the survival of living organisms. Bio.4.1.2 Summarize the relationship among DNA, proteins and amino acids in carrying out the work of cells and how this is similar in all organisms. Essential Skills/Vocabulary: Explore and test different mixtures for the presence of various macromolecules. Write examples of products that represent proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. Build connections between macromolecules Identify the features of the microscope, including, total magnification, size of field of view of each objective, reversal of images, and how to estimate size of objects viewed through the microscope Use microscopes to view various cells Investigate the specific functions of each of the types of cells as they relate to the structures. Explain how organelles interact to help cells function as a whole unit. Explain relationships among and between the organelles Compare and contrast asexual and sexual reproduction. Explain how changes in surface area/volume ratio affect diffusion in cells Design and conduct scientific investigations to answer biological questions. Understand the processes of mitosis and meiosis; compare and contrast Create and explain the steps in creating and collecting data in biotechnology. Analyze DNA and its role in the production of proteins and the cells function Connect the knowledge of how proteins are made with actual traits in an organism. Visualize Osmosis and Diffusion through lab based inquiry Assessment Tasks: 1. Yum! Liquid lunch Lab: a study of nutrients 2. Molecule Madness Online Learning Activity 3. Macromolecule Quiz 4. Cell growth activity 5. Label Parts of the microscope worksheet 6. Microscope Lab 7. Microscope Lab Quiz 8. Investigating cells lab: 9. Cell Foldable (plant vs animal cell) 10. Writing assessment: How do cells function like a school/factory? (Use the parts of the cell in your writing assessment) 11. Reproduction at a glance lab practical 12. Cell cycle inquiry lab 13. Mitosis In Motion Activity (flip book) : http://sciencespot.net/Media/mitosisbook.pdf 14. Quiz/Writing: Comparison of mitosis and meiosis 15. Class scape Unit 1 (Cells) test 16. DNA Webquest 17. Mutations Activity (protein synthesis) 18. Alien Encounters Activity 19. Cell Specialization and Control of Gene Expression Web Quest 20. Class scape: Chapter 12 (Prentice Hall) Test (DNA, RNA, Protein synthesis) 21. Osmosis and Diffusion Activity 22. Cell Transport Web Quest: http://www.starsandseas.com/SAS%20Cells/SAS%20cell physiol/celltranspor.htm http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/047003790/anim ations/membrane_transport/membrane_transport.htm Materials Suggestions: Molecule Madness - http://www.cst.cmich.edu/users/baile1re/bio101fall/atmolorga/molecu/moleprez/sld001.htm http://www2.visalia.k12.ca.us/eldiamante/science/biology/powerpoints/biochem.pdf http://www.bmhs-la.org/academics/faculty/teachers/lwalle/files/Honors%20Biology/HonorsBioCh3.pdf Mitosis in Motion- http://sciencespot.net/Media/mitosisbook.pdf Cell Cycle Inquiry Lab http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.html This website provides microscope pictures of whitefish and onion root tip slides. http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/activities/cell_cycle/cell_cycle.html This website allows the student to determine how many cells are found in each stage of the cell cycle. http://biologyinmotion.com/cell_division/ This website provides an animated tutorial of the process of mitosis. DNA Webquest - http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/dna/shockwave.html http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/transcribe/ http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objid=AP1302 http://www.understandingevolution.com/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/mutations_03 http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/dna_double_helix/ Cell Specialization and Control of Gene Expression Web Quest- http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/stemcells/ http://www-class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/animation/m_animations/gene2.swf You will need to buy/gather lab items in advance. In the osmosis and diffusion activity, this lab needs to be set up 24-36 hours in advance in order for the eggs to decalcify and be able to set in the various solutions