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Subject: Biology
Grade Level: 10th Grade
Unit Title: Unit 1- Structures and Functions of Living Organisms
Big Idea/Theme: Structures and Functions of Living Organisms
Timeframe Needed for Completion:
3 weeks (on a 90 min per day block schedule)
Grading Period: 1st Nine Weeks
Understandings: This unit is focused on the cell as the basic component of structure and function in living things. In particular, this unit
focused on basic biochemistry and cell processes. Students will learn about cells and many of the molecules that are involved in cell function.
Specifically, students will gain an understanding of:
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role of inquiry in investigating cells
basic macromolecules found in living things, the structures of those molecules and their function in living systems.
the function of those macromolecules within the context of cell structure
the functions of various cell organelles
the maintenance of homeostasis within a cell
the replication of DNA in order to prepare for cell division
sexual and asexual reproduction at the cellular level
how DNA directs the production of proteins within a cell
the effects of mutations on protein production
the relationship of gene regulation, cell specialization, and cell communication
Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells and their general structures
Cell cycle and its phases
Unicellular Organisms and their adaptations for survival
Essential Questions:
1. Imagine you went back in time to 1776. How would you
explain to people what a cell was?
2. If you were a stem cell and could specialize into any type
of cell, what type would you turn into and why?
Curriculum Goals/Objectives (to be assessed at the end of the
unit/quarter)
Bio.1.1 Understand the relationship between the structures
and functions of cells and their organelles.
Bio.1.1.1 Summarize the structure and function of organelles in
eukaryotic cells (including: the nucleus, plasma membrane, cell wall,
mitochondria, vacuoles, chloroplasts, and ribosomes) and ways that
these organelles interact with each other to perform the function of the
cell.
Bio.1.1.2 Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of their
general structures (plasma membrane and genetic material) and degree
of complexity.
Bio.1.1.3 Explain how instructions in DNA lead to cell differentiation
and result in cells specialized to perform specific functions in
multicellular organisms.
Bio.1.2 Analyze the cell as a living system.
Bio.1.2.1 Explain how homeostasis is maintained in the cell and within
an organism in various environments (including: temperature and pH).
Bio.1.2.2 Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of interphase,
mitosis and cytokinesis.
Bio.1.2.3 Explain how specific cell adaptations help cells survive in
particular environments (focus on unicellular organisms).
Bio.3.1 Explain how traits are determined by the structure
and function of DNA.
Bio.3.1.1 Explain the double-stranded, complementary nature of DNA
as related to its function in the cell.
Bio.3.1.2 Explain how DNA and RNA code for proteins and determine
traits.
Bio.3.1.3 Explain how mutations in DNA that result from interactions
with the environment (i.e. radiation and chemicals) or new
combinations in existing genes lead to changes in function and
phenotype.
Bio.3.2 Understand how the environment, and/or the
interaction of alleles, influences the expression of genetic
traits.
Bio.3.2.1 Explain the role of meiosis in sexual reproduction and genetic
variation.
Bio.4.1 Understand how biological molecules are essential to
the survival of living organisms
Bio.4.1.1 Compare the structures and functions of the major biological
molecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) as related
to the survival of living organisms.
Bio.4.1.2 Summarize the relationship among DNA, proteins and amino
acids in carrying out the work of cells and how this is similar in all
organisms.
Essential Skills/Vocabulary:
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Explore and test different mixtures for the presence of various
macromolecules.
Write examples of products that represent proteins, carbohydrates, lipids,
and nucleic acids.
Build connections between macromolecules
Identify the features of the microscope, including, total
magnification, size of field of view of each objective, reversal of
images, and how to estimate size of objects viewed through the
microscope
Use microscopes to view various cells
Investigate the specific functions of each of the types of cells as
they relate to the structures.
Explain how organelles interact to help cells function as a whole
unit.
Explain relationships among and between the organelles
Compare and contrast asexual and sexual reproduction.
Explain how changes in surface area/volume ratio affect diffusion
in cells
Design and conduct scientific investigations to answer biological
questions.
Understand the processes of mitosis and meiosis; compare and
contrast
Create and explain the steps in creating and collecting data in
biotechnology.
Analyze DNA and its role in the production of proteins and the
cells function
Connect the knowledge of how proteins are made with actual traits
in an organism.
Visualize Osmosis and Diffusion through lab based inquiry
Assessment Tasks:
1. Yum! Liquid lunch Lab: a study of nutrients
2. Molecule Madness Online Learning Activity
3. Macromolecule Quiz
4. Cell growth activity
5. Label Parts of the microscope worksheet
6. Microscope Lab
7. Microscope Lab Quiz
8. Investigating cells lab:
9. Cell Foldable (plant vs animal cell)
10. Writing assessment: How do cells function like a
school/factory? (Use the parts of the cell in your writing
assessment)
11. Reproduction at a glance lab practical
12. Cell cycle inquiry lab
13. Mitosis In Motion Activity (flip book) :
http://sciencespot.net/Media/mitosisbook.pdf
14. Quiz/Writing: Comparison of mitosis and meiosis
15. Class scape Unit 1 (Cells) test
16. DNA Webquest
17. Mutations Activity (protein synthesis)
18. Alien Encounters Activity
19. Cell Specialization and Control of Gene Expression Web
Quest
20. Class scape: Chapter 12 (Prentice Hall) Test (DNA, RNA,
Protein synthesis)
21. Osmosis and Diffusion Activity
22. Cell Transport Web Quest:
http://www.starsandseas.com/SAS%20Cells/SAS%20cell
physiol/celltranspor.htm
http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/047003790/anim
ations/membrane_transport/membrane_transport.htm
Materials Suggestions:
Molecule Madness - http://www.cst.cmich.edu/users/baile1re/bio101fall/atmolorga/molecu/moleprez/sld001.htm
http://www2.visalia.k12.ca.us/eldiamante/science/biology/powerpoints/biochem.pdf
http://www.bmhs-la.org/academics/faculty/teachers/lwalle/files/Honors%20Biology/HonorsBioCh3.pdf
Mitosis in Motion- http://sciencespot.net/Media/mitosisbook.pdf
Cell Cycle Inquiry Lab http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.html
This website provides microscope pictures of whitefish and onion root tip slides.
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/activities/cell_cycle/cell_cycle.html
This website allows the student to determine how many cells are found in each stage of the cell cycle.
http://biologyinmotion.com/cell_division/
This website provides an animated tutorial of the process of mitosis.
DNA Webquest - http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/dna/shockwave.html
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/transcribe/
http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objid=AP1302
http://www.understandingevolution.com/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/mutations_03
http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/dna_double_helix/
Cell Specialization and Control of Gene Expression Web Quest- http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/stemcells/
http://www-class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/animation/m_animations/gene2.swf
You will need to buy/gather lab items in advance.
In the osmosis and diffusion activity, this lab needs to be set up 24-36 hours in advance in order for the eggs to
decalcify and be able to set in the various solutions