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Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering Section 13-3 Cell Transformation FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Cell Transformation Key Concept: During Transformation 1. A Cell Takes In DNA From Outside The Cell. 2. This External DNA Becomes Part Of The Cell’s DNA. FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Transforming Bacteria • Plasmids –Found In Bacteria • Small Circular Pieces Of DNA • Has DNA Sequence That Functions As Origin For Replication –This ensure that once in the bacteria, it will be replicated FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Transforming Bacteria • Plasmids (cont.) – Contains A Genetic Marker • A Gene That Labels The Bacteria As A Plasmid Carrier –For Example: Resistance To Antibiotics »Allows Transformed Cells To Be Identified FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Transforming Bacteria FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Transforming Plant Cells • Transform Bacteria With Plant Tumor Plasmid (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) – Scientists Inactivate Plant Tumor Gene – Insert Foreign DNA – Recombinant Plasmid Then Transforms Plant Cells FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Transforming Plant Cells • Cultured Plant Cells With Cell Walls Removed Will Sometimes Absorb DNA • DNA May Be Injected Directly Into Plant Cells (Gene Gun) • Cells Then Grown Into Adult Plants FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Transforming Plant Cells Key Concept: If Transformation Is Successful, The Recombinant DNA Is Integrated Into One Of The Chromosomes Of The Cell FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Transforming Plant Cells FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Transforming Animal Cells Egg Cells Large Enough: – DNA Injected Into Nucleus • Enzymes Normally Responsible For DNA Repair & Recombination May Insert DNA Into Chromosomes FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Transforming Animal Cells • Recombinant DNA Contains Markers Allowing Transformed Cells To Be Identified FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Transforming Animal Cells Scientists Can Knock Out Single Genes – Flanking Sequences In New DNA Can Remove A Host Cell Gene or Replace It With A New Gene FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Knocking Out Genes FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT