Download Cytoplasm!

Cytoplasm & Cytoskeleton
Cytoplasm!
• Cytoplasm is a
semi-fluid
substance that fills
the inside of a cell
and surrounds all
of the internal
structures.
• It is present in
both prokaryotic
and eukaryotic
cells
Structure
• Gel-like material made of water, proteins, carbohydrates, salts,
sugars, amino acids and nucleotides.
• Three main constituents: cytosol, organelles, cytoplasmic
inclusions
• Made of 70-90% water and is usually colorless
• Surrounds all internal structures (organelles, nuclear envelope,
etc.)
• Outer clear glassy layer is ectoplasm, inner layer is endoplasm.
• Cytoplasm + nucleus = protoplasm of a eukaryotic cell.
• In prokaryotic cells it is basically everything enclosed by the cell
membrane (no nucleus).
Functions
• Most of the cellular activities occur in the cytoplasm.
• Where the functions for cell expansion, growth, metabolism, and
replication are carried out (in both eukaryotic & prokaryotic cells)
• Provides a medium for organelles to remain suspended
• Promotes cell efficiency and movement through cytoplasmic
streaming
• Transports genetic material and products of cellular respiration
• Protects genetic material and organelles from damage caused
by collisions with other cells
Cytoskeleton
• Network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell
"Cytoskeleton – the
Movers and Shapers in the
Cell." British Society for
Cell Biology. Web. 15
Sept. 2015.
Main Functions
• Support
• Mechanical support
• Maintains shape
• Aids organelles and cytosolic enzyme molecules
• Stabilized by a balance between opposing forces exerted by the
elements
• Movement
• Cell Motility
• Change in cell location and movement of cell parts
• Cytoskeleton and motor proteins work together
Type of Fibers
• Microtubules
• The thickest
• Hollow tubes
• Protein Subunits: tubulin
• Microfilaments
• Thinner
• 2 interwined strands of actin
• Protein Subunits: Actin
• Intermediate Filaments
• Fiborous proteins coiled into cables
• Protein Subunits: 1 of many different protein (keratin)