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Transcript
By Benjamin Ha What is a Lysosome? Lysosomes are membrane-bound cell organelle found in animal cells. Also known as suicide bags or suicide sacs by cell biologist due to their autolysis Discovered by Christine de Duve in 1949 Function and Structure cellular organelles contain acid hydrolase enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris digest excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria the membrane around a lysosome allows the digestive enzymes to work at a pH they require at a pH of 4.8, the lysosome’s interior is acidic compared to cytosol which is basic(pH 7.2) Function and Structure cont. it maintains this pH by pumping protons from the cytosol via proton pumps and chloride ion channels the lysosomal membrane protects the cytosol and the rest of the cell from degradative enzymes within the lysosome the cell is protected from any lysosomal acid hydrolases that gets drain into the cytosol because the enzymes are pH sensitive and do not function well or at all in alkaline environment of the cytosol Formation Lysosomal protein genes are transcribed in the nucleus, then mRna transcripts exit the nucleus into the cytsol, and ribosomes translate it. When the mRNA exits the endoplasmic reticulum and enters the Golgi apparatus, a lysosomal tag(mannone 6-phosphate) is added Formation cont. The tags are needed to allow mannose 6phosphate receptors to bind in the Golgi apparatus This is crucial for proper packaging into vesicles that are designated for the lysosomal system Disease Lysosomes are responsible for lysosomal storage diseases(LSD). Causes metabolisms disorders which is due to the malfunction of one of the enzymes. Rate of incidence: 1 in 5,000 live births