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Transcript
Name: __________________________________________ Mrs. Piper: Regents Biology Date: ____________________ Period: ______________ Unit 3: Transport of Materials Key Questions: 1. Why must materials enter and leave cells? 2. What materials need to enter and leave cells? 3. What role does the cell membrane play in transport of materials into and out of a cell? 4. How do materials get into and out of a cell? 5. How do materials move within a cell? Part 1: The role of the cell membrane Cells must maintain a constant internal environment (____________________________). So, materials (nutrients and wastes) must constantly move in and out of the cell and throughout the cell like: _____________________________________________ Cell membrane: o The cell membrane is ___________________________________________________________ o The cell membrane _____________________________________________________ what is transported into (absorption) and out of the cell. 1 o Small molecules can pass easily (like water, glucose, amino acids, carbon dioxide, and oxygen) o Large molecules cannot pass easily (like _____________________________________) o This is why large nutrients get broken down into the building blocks during digestion! o The cell membrane has a large _______________________________________ in order for the absorption of nutrients to occur. Part 2: How do materials get into and out of cells? 1. Diffusion and Osmosis: Do NOT require ENERGY to move materials into and out of the cell. Diffusion: ________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ o Concentration gradient: _________________________________________________ o Continues until ___________________________________ is reached – when the molecules are distributed evenly. 2 Osmosis: _____________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ o Occurs from an area of high water molecules to an area with low o Draw the effects of osmosis on animal and plant cells: Animal Cells Plant Cells 3 o Osmosis vocab for plant cells: Turgor pressure: __________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Plasmolysis: When in hypertonic solutions, the cell membrane ________________________________ __________________________________________ 2. Active Transport: _____________________________________________________________________________________ to move materials into and out of cells. o Used to move materials against a concentration gradient or to move larger molecules Part 3: How do materials move within a cell? Once inside the cell, materials can move by: _______________________________________________________________________ __________________________ - streaming of the cytoplasm The ER and golgi body Part 4: NY State Required Lab – Diffusion Through a Membrane Week 1: 4 Results: 1. Explain the ‘final state.’ a. Which molecules diffused and why? ____________________________________________________________________________ b. Which molecules did not diffuse and why? ___________________________________________________________________________ Week 2: Osmosis 5 Results: 1. Explain what happened to the cells and why. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6