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Quick Review lower 1. Radio waves have frequency than microwaves. 2. Visible light waves have shorter wavelength than infrared light. 3. X-rays are more damaging to cells than UV rays. Quick Review 4. A certain laser produces infrared light with a wavelength of 0.72 mm this wavelength in meters = 0.0o072 m or 7.2 x 10-4 m 5. The speed of all electromagnetic waves = 3.0 x 𝐦 8 10 𝐬 Lesson 5.2 – Heredity I can explain heredity. I can define alleles and identify the genotype and phenotype of an organism. (3d) 1. Any characteristic of an organism, such as its shape or the way it functions is called a trait a. The traits of organism are stored in its DNA b. An organism gets its DNA and thus its traits from its parents. When traits are passed from one generation to another, this is called heredity. I can explain heredity. I can define alleles and identify the genotype and phenotype of an organism. (3d) 2. A section of DNA that determines a specific trait is a gene . a. Since organisms have different traits, there must be different versions of genes. These different versions of genes are called alleles. I can explain heredity. I can define alleles and identify the genotype and phenotype of an organism. (3d) i. For example, a rabbit species has a section of its DNA that controls fur color. This is called a gene . There is one version of this DNA that gives white fur, another gives brown fur, and one gives black fur. Thus there are three different alleles , one for each white fur, brown fur, and black fur. I can explain heredity. I can define alleles and identify the genotype and phenotype of an organism. (3d) b. Alleles can be represented by letters of the alphabet. i. The allele for brown fur could be represented by B and the black allele by b. I can explain heredity. I can define alleles and identify the genotype and phenotype of an organism. (3d) 3. Organisms that reproduce sexually receive one allele for each gene from its mother and another allele for each gene from its father. a. All humans have two copies of each gene and thus humans are called diploid organisms. b. If an organism’s two alleles of a certain gene are known, this is called its genotype. I can explain heredity. I can define alleles and identify the genotype and phenotype of an organism. (3d) i. For example, if a baby rabbit received the brown allele from its mother and the black allele from its father, this would be called its genotype . ii. The genotype could also be represented with letters as Bb . I can explain heredity. I can define alleles and identify the genotype and phenotype of an organism. (3d) c. If the physical appearance of the organism is being described, this is called its phenotype. i. For example, if the baby rabbit described above has brown fur, this would be the baby rabbit’s phenotype . WORK WITH US…NOT AHEAD OF US! I can explain heredity. I can define alleles and identify the genotype and phenotype of an organism. (3d) Fill in the boxes below to describe the genotype and phenotype of the three plants. Phenotype Genotype Do you know what that means? (5 Questions) 1. Which of these would be considered a trait of a human? A. Preference for chicken over steak. B. A desire to attend college. C. A favorite color of red. D. The color of the human’s hair. 2. Since organisms of the same species have different traits, there must be different versions of the gene that controls this trait. Which of these words would describe this idea? A. Heredity B. Sexual reproduction C. Alleles D. Trait 3. Which of these is an example of heredity? A. A child enjoys the same sports as his father. B. A child has the same disease as his mother. C. A parent cares for a child providing for its needs. D. A parent teaches his child to play the same instrument he plays. 4. Which of these correctly describes the genotype of the organism shown at the right? A. Flowers that are colored red. B. Two R alleles. C. The organism has the same flower color as its parents. D. A section of DNA causes the flower to be red. 5. Which of these correctly describes the phenotype of the organism shown at the right? A. Flowers that are colored red. B. Two R alleles. C. The organism has the same flower color as its parents. D. A section of DNA causes the flower to be red.