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Leader: Course: Instructor: Date: Mendelian Genetics Supplemental Instruction Iowa State University What were two original theories on heredity? a. Blending - genetic material from parents mix together in offspring. Many generations of sexual reproduction will result in a uniform population of individuals (white and red, all pink eventually) b. Particulate - genetic material from parents are passed to offspring as discrete units. cna be sorted and passed along in undiluted form generation after generation. What is a character and a trait? How would this be related to a gene and an allele? character - heritable feature, trait a specific variant of a character gene - allele two or more forms of a gene What is phenotype and genotype? pheno - physical, geno- DNA ‘phenotype is not genotype!’ Describe Medel’s experiment (what he did)? True breeding, cross pollinated, self bred F1s and determined and counted traits What were 3 important choices he made to structure his study? 1. True breeding - self fertilized 2. Work with discrete, categocial characters - either/or 3. Tracked for 3 generations What results did he find? Offspring traits were not blended, genes act as particles. one from each parents one trait was dominate but the recessive would show up again in distinct ratios. particles segragate during sexual reproduction (gametes) and combine at fertilization alternative versions of genes account for variation in inherited characters, organisms get two alleles for each character - alleles are dom or rec relative to other alleles (no one allele to rule them all) and the two alleles segregate during gamete formation What is the Law of Segregation? Vs Law of Independent Assortment alleles are segregated during gamete produciton, each gamete has only 1 allele - 4 equally likely combo PUNNETT SQUARES each pair of alleles segregates separately of other alleles paris during gamete formation for characters on diff chromosomes What is phenotype and genotype? What is hetero and homozygous genotype? How can you determine genotype? pheno - physical, geno- DNA ‘phenotype is not genotype!’ -- Pp and PP -- Test cross Test cross - breed with homo recessive How was Mendel luck with his experiments? 1. Traits exhibit complete dominance 2. two alleles per characteristic 3. single gene controls character Supplemental Instruction 1060 Hixson-Lied Student Success Center 294-6624 www.si.iastate.edu