Download Honors Biology – Chapter 11 and 14

Honors Biology – Chapter 11 and 14
Genetics: Learning Objectives
Name
Date
1. Demonstrate an ability to meet deadlines by turning in assignments on time.
2. Demonstrate an ability to use appropriate grammar and spelling and to make corrections as necessary.
Essential Question A. How is DNA organized in cells, and why is this important?
3. How DNA is stored as chromosomes (including how DNA, histones, nucleosomes interact)
4. Explain how most cells contains two copies of each chromosome
Essential Question B. How does DNA get distributed as organisms create reproductive
cells (e.g. sperm and egg), and how is DNA combined when these cells join during
fertilization?
5. Describe and model the process of meiosis in which reproductive cells (e.g., egg, sperm) are formed with
only one set of chromosomes from each parent.
6. Explain what occurs during all steps of meiosis I and II
7. Compare and contrast meiosis and mitosis
8. Model and explain the process of genetic recombination that may occur during meiosis and how this then
results in differing characteristics in offspring (e.g., differences in how chromosomes “line up” during
Metaphase I, crossing over of chromosome tips)
9. Describe the process of fertilization that restores the original chromosome number while reshuffling the
genetic information, allowing for variation among offspring.
Essential Question C. What happens if mistakes or problems occur during meiosis
and/or fertilization?
10. Explain how “mistakes” in the copying of genetic material can be inherited by future generations (mutations).
11. Explain how these mistakes can occur in meiosis
Essential Question D. How does DNA that is combined during fertilization interact? In
other words, how does an organism inherit its traits, and how do chromosomes from
two different parents work together to create your traits?
12. Predict the outcome of genetic crosses involving two characteristics assuming independent assortment)
13. Explain the principle of dominance (one gene with a dominant and recessive allele)
14. Explain other inheritance patterns, including incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles and
polygenic traits
15. Set up and complete Punnett squares for how one or two traits could be inherited and expressed, including
traits that follow the principle of dominance as well as those show incomplete dominance and codominance
16. Explain the following terms: genotype, phenotype, trait, hybrid, gene, allele, segregation, gamete, F1
generation, F2 generation, homozygous, heterozygous, haploid, diploid, homologous, autosomal
chromosome and sex chromosome
17. Explain gene linkage, independent assortment, crossing over, and generally explain how the inheritance of
traits is affected by the location of genes on chromosomes
18. Explain how a karyotype is arranged and how karyotypes can be used to show the presence of
chromosomal mutations; explain how “nondisjunction” can occur
19. Construct and interpret pedigrees using information about dominant/recessive traits passed down through
families
20. Explain the term and predict outcomes of crosses involving “sex-linked traits”.