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Unit Details Bio 3.2 (10/12 thru 10/23) Conceptual Strand Evolution and Genetics Grade Level/Course High School/Biology Common Core Essential State Standards NC Science Essential Standard(s) Bio 3.2 Understand how the environment, and/or the interaction of alleles, influences the expression of genetic traits. Clarifying Objectives Clarifying Objectives Number Standard Bio 3.2.1 Explain the role of meiosis in sexual reproduction and genetic variation. Bio 3.2.2 Predict offspring ratios based on a variety of inheritance patterns (including dominance, co-dominance, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles, and sex-linked traits). Bio 3.2.3 Explain how the environment can influence the expression of genetic traits. Essential Questions and Big Ideas Big Ideas Meiosis is a process where a cell divides twice with half the DNA in 4 cells in order to support sexual reproduction. This makes it different from mitosis. The process of meiosis allows for more ways for genetic variation to occur within daughter cells than mitosis. Genetic traits are determined by many different types of inheritance patterns; including autosomal, sexlinked, codominance, incomplete dominance, polygenic and multiple Essential Questions 1. How does meiosis compare to mitosis? 2. How does meiosis lead to independent assortment and genetic diversity? 3. What sources lead to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms? 4. How do inheritance patterns influence offspring ratios? 5. How are genotypic and phenotypic ratios determined by using Punnett squares? 6. How are karyotypes used to identify gender and certain chromosomal alleles. abnormalities? Punnett squares are used to determine genotypic and phenotypic ratios for different inheritance patterns; including autosomal, sexlinked, codominance, incomplete dominance, and multiple alleles. 7. How can parentage be determined based on blood type? Sex-linked traits are carried on sex chromosomes and males are more likely to express sex-linked traits. 9. How can pedigrees be used to identify the genotypes? Karyotypes are used to interpret gender and chromosomal abnormalities in humans. Pedigrees are used to identify genotypes and inheritance patterns of traits based upon phenotypes. Expression of certain genetic traits can be influenced by environmental factors. 8. How can sex-linked traits (colorblindness and hemophilia) be interpreted using Punnett squares? 10. How does the environment influence the expression of genetic traits? Vocabulary Vocabulary Objective Academic Performance 3.2.1 Meiosis Explain Homologous chromosomes Recall Haploid Infer Diploid Exemplify Gamete Compare Fertilization Genetic variation Crossing over Nondisjunction Independent assortment Gene Chromosome Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction 3.2.2 Autosomal inheritance Predict Blood typing Intrepret Codominance Determine Colorblindness Cystic fibrosis Dominant allele Recognize Solve Understand Genotype Genotypic ratio Hemophilia Huntington’s disease Incomplete dominance Inheritance pattern Karyotype Monohybrid Multiple allele Pedigree Phenotype Phenotypic ratio Polygenic Recessive allele Sex-linked traits Sickle cell anemia 3.2.3 Lung Cancer Explain Oral Cancer Develop Skin Cancer Diabetes PKU Heart disease Gene expression Environmental factors