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1. 2. Read each case: Crazy or Not Crazy? How would your group define: Psychological Disorder”? Patterns of thoughts, feelings or behaviors that are deviant, distressful and dysfunctional! Behaviors that are: ◦ Maladaptive- destructive to oneself/others ◦ Unjustifiable- without a rational basis ◦ Impacting day to day lives ◦ Going on longer than normal amounts of time Behaviors that are: ◦ Maladaptive- destructive to oneself/others ◦ Unjustifiable- without a rational basis ◦ Disturbing- troublesome to other people ◦ Atypical- so different that a “norm” is violated Medical Model ◦ Mental diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed on the basis of their treatable symptoms and cured through treatment in a hospital. ◦ Nature vs. Nurture? Classification creates order Classified according to: ◦ Describe the disorder ◦ Predict its future course ◦ Imply appropriate treatment ◦ Stimulate research DSM-IV-TR (diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 4th edition) Categories of mental disorders Descriptions DSM III: dropped homosexuality, manic depressive (bipolar) Diagnosis for Insurance Drawback and advantages of labeling? ADD/ADHD Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ◦ Inattention, distractibility, restlessness ◦ Ritalin/Adderall (stimulant), strattera, concerta ◦ 1/3 cases continue to adulthood Autistic Disorder Failure to develop normal patterns of emotional responses, communication & social interactions. ◦ Diagnosed before 3 ◦ Echolalia: symptom in which person echoes what has just been said. Autism http://player.discoveryeducation.com/inde x.cfm?guidAssetId=B5C2DEBA-D7C9415E-A4660B61E025F6A7&blnFromSearch=1&product code=DHC 1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2. Panic Disorder 3. Phobias 4. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 5. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◦ A person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal. ◦ 2/3rds are women ◦ Symptoms: Constantly worry, Often jittery, Agitated, Sleep-deprived, Difficulty concentrating, Perspiration, Fidgeting, Depression, High blood pressure ◦ Freud: “Free-Floating” Person can’t identify, and therefore cannot deal with or avoid it’s cause. 2. Panic Disorder (Panic Attacks) ◦ An anxiety TORNADO!! ◦ Marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread. ◦ Person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, heart palpatations, choking, or other frightening sensations. ◦ 1/75 people 3. Phobias ◦ Marked by a persistent, irrational fear ◦ Avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation ◦ Social Phobia A shyness taken to an extreme Avoid potentially embarrassing situations Speaking up, eating out ◦ Agoraphobia Fear of the place where the fear took place! Hematophobia Nyctophobia Claustrophobia Spermophobia Musophobia Ophidiophobia Arachnophobia Aerophobia Agoraphobia Sciophobia Dendrophobia Acrophobia Decidophobia Hippophobia Kleptophobia Necrophobia Nudophobia Pyrophobia Somniphobia Fear Fear vs. Phobias 4. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ◦ Characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions). ◦ Interfere with everyday living ◦ Washing ◦ Checking Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 5. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◦ Characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia ◦ Must linger for 4 weeks or more after a traumatic experience OCD and treatment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Panic Attacks http://player.discoveryeducation.com/inde x.cfm?guidAssetId=1871337F-EF554D19-A74B1C8863FCB873&blnFromSearch=1&produc tcode=US What caused your depression? How did you handle it? Are certain times more likely to leave you depressed… ◦ During your day? ◦ During your week? ◦ During your month? ◦ During your year? Why?... 1. ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Major Depressive Disorder: severe depression; must have 5/9 symptoms for 2 or more weeks: Depressed mood most of the day Diminished interest in activities Significant weight loss/gain Insomnia nearly every night Fatigue/loss of energy Psychomotor agitation Feelings of worthlessness Unable to think/concentrate Recurrent thoughts of death 15% die by suicide 2. Bipolar Disorder (Manic/Depressive): Manic episodes alternating with episodes of depression; ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Racing thoughts Easily distracted Over talkative Over active Speech: loud, flighty Reckless spending Unsafe sex Understanding Mood Disorders The Biological Perspective Physical Problems occur for psychological reasons. 1. Conversion Disorder: a rare disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no psychological basis can be found Paralysis, blindness, sensitivity to pain 2. Hypochondriasis: person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of the disease Broken away from your sense of self, memories, thoughts and feelings. Amnesia: Traumatic events seem to disappear from memory. Fugue: Forgetting current life and starting a new one elsewhere. Dissociative Identity Disorder: Person divides self into separate personalities that can act independently. (Multiple Personalities) 1. 2. 3. 4. DSM: 2 or more distinct independent personalities 2 personalities that take on a recurring role in controlling the person’s behavior Person exhibits aspects of amnesia Condition is not brought on by substance abuse or general medical conditions Seasonal Affective ◦ Difficulty waking up ◦ Oversleep ◦ Overeat/weight gain ◦ Lack of energy Disorder (SAD) Postpartum depression ◦ Nothing to do with child ◦ Crying ◦ Irritable ◦ Reduced libido Most frightening and misunderstood disorder It is a family of related disorders NOT split personality, breaking away from reality 1% of the population Men and women Develops in adolescence or early adulthood 1. ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ 2. ◦ ◦ 3. ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Disorganized Thinking = Delusions …of Grandeur: More important than you really are …of persecution: People are out to get you …of sin or guilt: Being responsible for misfortunes …of influence: Being controlled by outside forces Hallucinations Hearing: Voices telling person they are bad, or to do something Seeing, Smelling, Tasting and Feeling things that are not there Inappropriate Emotions & Actions Cry vs. laugh Angry for no reason Emotionless state of flat affect Motor behavior: Rocking Motionless for hours Types of Schizophrenia Inflexible/enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning. Antisocial Personality- (Sociopath & Psychopath) Lack of conscience & personal responsibility by age 15 In constant conflict with the law: lie, steal, fight Typically male Superficial charm and high intelligence Inability to establish lasting relationships Untruthfulness, insincerity, manipulative Feel and fear little to nothing http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.c fm?guidAssetId=ED53F7C0-9229-4DD08896F7619B546DC4&blnFromSearch=1&productc ode=US http://www.discoveryeducation.com/?ErrMsg =Please%20provide%20a%20Username%20and %20Password&returnUrl=player.discoveryedu cation.com&query_string=%2Findex.cfm%3Fg uidAssetId%3D9BE0695B-3665-4189-84C8A747E4E5FE8C