Download Abnormal Psychology

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Read each case: Crazy or Not Crazy?
How would your group define:
Psychological Disorder”?
 Patterns
of thoughts, feelings or
behaviors that are deviant, distressful
and dysfunctional!
 Behaviors
that are:
◦ Maladaptive- destructive to oneself/others
◦ Unjustifiable- without a rational basis
◦ Impacting day to day lives
◦ Going on longer than normal amounts of time
 Behaviors
that are:
◦ Maladaptive- destructive to oneself/others
◦ Unjustifiable- without a rational basis
◦ Disturbing- troublesome to other people
◦ Atypical- so different that a “norm” is violated
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Medical Model
◦ Mental diseases have
physical causes that can
be diagnosed on the
basis of their treatable
symptoms and cured
through treatment in a
hospital.
◦ Nature vs. Nurture?
Classification creates order
 Classified according to:
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◦ Describe the disorder
◦ Predict its future course
◦ Imply appropriate treatment
◦ Stimulate research
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DSM-IV-TR (diagnostic and
statistical manual of mental
disorders 4th edition)
 Categories of mental disorders
 Descriptions
 DSM III: dropped homosexuality,
manic depressive (bipolar)
 Diagnosis for Insurance
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Drawback and advantages
of labeling?
ADD/ADHD
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
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◦ Inattention, distractibility, restlessness
◦ Ritalin/Adderall (stimulant), strattera, concerta
◦ 1/3 cases continue to adulthood
Autistic Disorder
Failure to develop normal patterns of emotional
responses, communication & social interactions.
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◦ Diagnosed before 3
◦ Echolalia: symptom in which person echoes what
has just been said.
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Autism
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1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
2. Panic Disorder
3. Phobias
4. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
5. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
◦ A person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a
state of autonomic nervous system arousal.
◦ 2/3rds are women
◦ Symptoms:
 Constantly worry, Often jittery, Agitated, Sleep-deprived,
Difficulty concentrating, Perspiration, Fidgeting, Depression,
High blood pressure
◦ Freud: “Free-Floating”
 Person can’t identify, and therefore cannot deal with or avoid it’s
cause.
2. Panic Disorder (Panic Attacks)
◦ An anxiety TORNADO!!
◦ Marked by unpredictable minutes-long
episodes of intense dread.
◦ Person experiences terror and
accompanying chest pain, heart
palpatations, choking, or other
frightening sensations.
◦ 1/75 people
3. Phobias
◦ Marked by a persistent, irrational fear
◦ Avoidance of a specific object, activity, or
situation
◦ Social Phobia
 A shyness taken to an extreme
 Avoid potentially embarrassing situations
 Speaking up, eating out
◦ Agoraphobia
 Fear of the place where the
fear took place!
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Hematophobia
Nyctophobia
Claustrophobia
Spermophobia
Musophobia
Ophidiophobia
Arachnophobia
Aerophobia
Agoraphobia
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Sciophobia
Dendrophobia
Acrophobia
Decidophobia
Hippophobia
Kleptophobia
Necrophobia
Nudophobia
Pyrophobia
Somniphobia
Fear
Fear vs. Phobias
4. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
◦ Characterized by unwanted repetitive
thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions
(compulsions).
◦ Interfere with everyday living
◦ Washing
◦ Checking
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
5. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
◦ Characterized by haunting memories, nightmares,
social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia
◦ Must linger for 4 weeks or more after a traumatic
experience
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OCD and treatment
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Panic Attacks
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 What
caused your depression?
 How did you handle it?
 Are certain times more likely to
leave you depressed…
◦ During your day?
◦ During your week?
◦ During your month?
◦ During your year?
Why?...
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Major Depressive Disorder: severe depression;
must have 5/9 symptoms for 2 or more weeks:
Depressed mood most of the day
Diminished interest in activities
Significant weight loss/gain
Insomnia nearly every night
Fatigue/loss of energy
Psychomotor agitation
Feelings of worthlessness
Unable to think/concentrate
Recurrent thoughts of death
 15% die by suicide
2. Bipolar Disorder (Manic/Depressive):
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Manic episodes alternating with episodes of
depression;
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Racing thoughts
Easily distracted
Over talkative
Over active
Speech: loud, flighty
Reckless spending
Unsafe sex
Understanding Mood Disorders
The Biological Perspective
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Physical Problems occur for
psychological reasons.
1. Conversion Disorder: a rare disorder in
which a person experiences very specific
genuine physical symptoms for which no
psychological basis can be found
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Paralysis, blindness, sensitivity to pain
2. Hypochondriasis: person interprets
normal physical sensations as
symptoms of the disease
Broken away from your sense of self, memories,
thoughts and feelings.
Amnesia: Traumatic events
seem to disappear from memory.
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Fugue: Forgetting current life
and starting a new one elsewhere.
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Dissociative Identity Disorder: Person divides
self into separate personalities that can act
independently. (Multiple Personalities)
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DSM:
2 or more distinct
independent personalities
2 personalities that take on a
recurring role in controlling
the person’s behavior
Person exhibits aspects of
amnesia
Condition is not brought on
by substance abuse or general
medical conditions
 Seasonal Affective
◦ Difficulty waking up
◦ Oversleep
◦ Overeat/weight gain
◦ Lack of energy
Disorder (SAD)
 Postpartum depression
◦ Nothing to do with child
◦ Crying
◦ Irritable
◦ Reduced libido
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Most frightening and misunderstood disorder
It is a family of related disorders
NOT split personality, breaking away from reality
1% of the population
Men and women
Develops in adolescence
or early adulthood
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Disorganized Thinking = Delusions
…of Grandeur: More important than you really are
…of persecution: People are out to get you
…of sin or guilt: Being responsible for misfortunes
…of influence: Being controlled by outside forces
Hallucinations
Hearing: Voices telling person they are bad, or to do something
Seeing, Smelling, Tasting and Feeling things that are not there
Inappropriate Emotions & Actions
Cry vs. laugh
Angry for no reason
Emotionless state of flat affect
Motor behavior: Rocking
Motionless for hours
Types of Schizophrenia
Inflexible/enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.
Antisocial Personality- (Sociopath & Psychopath)
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Lack of conscience & personal responsibility by age 15
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In constant conflict with the law: lie, steal, fight
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Typically male
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Superficial charm and high intelligence
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Inability to establish lasting relationships
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Untruthfulness, insincerity, manipulative
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Feel and fear little to nothing
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