Download 10C Cellular respiration worksheet

BIOLOGY
CYTOLOGY
Topic 1: Cellular respiration
Topic 2: Glycolysis
1. What is the cellular respiration?
1. Where does the Glycolysis phase take place?
2. What is the aim of cellular respiration?
2. Glycolysis produces a net gain of ___ ATP molecules
for each reaction.
3. There are two types of cellular respiration. These are
3. Glycolysis provides a cell with a net gain of
______.
A) 2 ATP molecules.
B) 18 ATP molecules.
C) 4 ATP molecules.
D) 36 ATP molecules.
E) 1 ATP molecules


4. Which of the following organisms doesn’t use
aerobic respiration to produce ATP energy?
A) Elephant
B) Mushroom
C) Grass
D) Bacteria
E) Virus
5. Complete the general formula of Cellular
Respiration.
_______+ 6O2
______+ ______+ Energy
4. What is the name of the process in which
glucose is converted to pyruvate?
A) Chemiosmotic Theory
B) Fermentation
C) Glycolysis
D) Krebs Cycle
E) Electron Transport System
5. Write the end products of glycolysis.
In mitochondria
6. Which of organelle is used for cellular respiration in
the cells?
6. On the lines provided below, write the names of the
substances in the glycolysis reaction that
correspond to in the diagram.
8. Write the stages of Aerobic respiration. And
where does each stage take place in the cell?
Steps of Aerobic Respiration
Location in Cell
1.
2.
3.
4.
9. Label the parts
of mitochondrion
given aside.
Topic 3: Pyruvate oxidation and Krebs’s cycle
1. When pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA
___________.
A) CO2 and ATP are formed
B) CO2 and NADH are formed
C) CO2 and coenzyme A are formed
D) one turn of the Krebs cycle is completed
E) (oxidized) NAD is regenerated
2. The starting molecule for the Krebs cycle is ______.
Date: _____/___________/ 2012
Signature: _____________________
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3. Where do the Pyruvate oxidation and Kreps cycle
processes occur?
4. Write the end products of Krebs cycle.
10. Which part of the cellular catabolism of glucose
requires molecular oxygen (O2)?
A) Glycolysis
B) Krebs cycle
C) ETS
D) Fermentation
E) Pyruvate oxidation
6. In aerobic respiration, the Krebs cycle (citric acid
cycle) takes place in _______________.
11. What is the total energy production at the end of
cellular respiration from 1 molecule glucose?
7. Which of the following is not produced during the
Kreps cycle?
A) CO2
B) H2O
C) NADH2
D) ATP
E) FADH2
12. Fill in the squares with the correct ATP number.
8. The figure given below represents Pyruvate oxidation
and Krebs’s cycle. Label the missing parts of figure.
NADH2
Glycolysis
Pyruvate
Oxidation
Kreb’s
cycle
Topic 4: ETS and Chemiosmosis
1. What is the meaning ETS?
2. At the end of the ETS the electrons are captured by
_____.
3. ETS are located in ____________.
4. How many ATP are produced in ETS?
5. Each NADH2 generates ____ ATP and each FADH2
generates ____ ATP in ETS.
6. What is the main aim of ETS?
8. The energy of the electrons passing along the
electron transport chain is used to make _______.
A) lactic acid
B) citric acid
C) alcohol
D) ATP
E) glucose
Date: _____/___________/ 2012
Signature: _____________________
FADH2
ATP
NET GAIN
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Topic 5: Catabolism of lipids and proteins
Topic 6: Anaerobic Respiration
1. Catabolism of one molecule lipid produces
___________ ATP
Catabolism of one molecule amino acid produces
____________ ATP
Catabolism of one molecule glucose produces
____________ ATP
1. Complete the missing parts of lactic acid
fermentation reaction given below.
2. When are the lipids or proteins used as energy
source in body?
3. A gram of fat oxidized by respiration produces
approximately _____ as much ATP as a gram of
carbohydrate.
A) half
B) twice
C) 4 times
D) 10 times
E) 100 times
4. In glycolysis in the absence of oxygen, cells need
a way to regenerate which compound?
A) ethanol
B) carbon dioxide
C) NAD+
D) lactate
E) glucose
5. Sports physiologists at an Olympic training center
wanted to monitor athletes to determine at what point
their muscles were functioning anaerobically.
They could do this by checking for a buildup of
_____.
A) ATP
C) carbon dioxide
E) oxygen
3. After Glycolysis three different pathways are possible
for cellular respiration.
They are:



4. Write the end products of Alcoholic and Lactic
acid fermentation.
Alcoholic Fermentation:
B) lactate
D) ADP
6. When protein molecules are used as fuel for
cellular respiration, _____ are produced as waste.
A) amino groups
B) fatty acids
C) sugar molecules
D) molecules of lactate
E) ethanol and CO2
7. What is the correct order of using organic
compounds as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids in human
body?
__________________________________
8. A lipid molecule is composed of a _____________
molecule bonded to three ______________ molecules.
9. What is the risk of using proteins as energy source?
10. Which kind of disease can be seen in a person who
takes low amount of proteins in diet?
Date: _____/___________/ 2012
2. What is the net profit of ATP, when 2 molecules
glucose are used in fermentation?
A) 2 B) 4
C) 6 D) 38 E) 72
Lactic Acid Fermentation:
5. Alcoholic fermentation is used in the production of
_____________________________________.
Lactic acid is produced in the muscles of mammals
when ___________________________________.
6. Which process is used to produce beer and
wine?
A) Lactic acid fermentation
B) glycolysis
C) Alcoholic fermentation
D) the Krebs cycle
E) ETS
7. Muscle tissues make lactate from pyruvate in
order to _____.
A) enable you to get drunk
B) get rid of toxic pyruvate
C) utilize the energy in pyruvate
D) utilize the released CO2
E) regenerate (oxidized) NAD+
8. Why do we feel tired after sport activities?
Signature: _____________________
BIOLOGY
CYTOLOGY
Topic 7: The Secret of Life: Nucleic acids
Topic 8: DNA
1. What are the 2 main functions of nucleic acids?

1. What are the functions of DNA in cell?

2. Write the name of components of a nucleotide given
below.
2. A DNA molecule includes 2000 nucleotides.There
are 300 guanine in this DNA. How many hydrogen
bonds are there in this DNA?
Answer: 2300
3. One strand of DNA that molecule has a nucleotide
sequence TAACGTA. Its complementary DNA strand
will have a sequence that reads:
A) AUUGCAU
B) CGGTACG
C) ATTGCAT
D) ATGCAAT
E) ATTCGAT
3. Write the units of Nucleic Acids.
4. Two nucleotides that on each strand bind with
__________ bond and two nucleotides that on the
same strand bind with the ______________ bond.
5. The two strands of a DNA double helix are
antiparallel. This means that _____.
A) the two strands are mirror images
B) only one of the two strands can be used as a
template for replication, since DNA polymerase only
works in one direction
C) one strand is actually composed of RNA
D) one strand runs in the 5’ --> 3’ direction and the
other runs in the 3’ --> 5’ direction
E) they both run in the 3’ --> 5’ direction
6. One strand of a DNA molecule has the base
sequence ATAGGT. The complementary base
sequence on the other strand of DNA will be
_______________.
7. Which one of the following accurately reflects
complementary base pairing in the DNA molecule?
A) guanine–cytosine
B) guanine–adenine
C) cytosine–hemanine
D) uracil–thymine
E) adenine–cytosine
8. Which of the following is NOT true about doublestranded DNA?
A) It is helical.
B) It contains phosphodiester linkages.
C) The two strands are said to be complementary.
D) Adenine and uracil are present in equal amounts.
E) The strands run antiparallel.
4. Which of the following lists the four bases
contained in DNA?
A) cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil
B) adenine, guanine, hemanine, thymine
C) guanine, pyroline, thymine, uracil
D) adenine, guanine, purine, thymine
E) adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
9. What is the function of Phosphodiester bonds in DNA
structure?
5. Which of the following bases is the purine base?
A) Thymine
B) Cytosine
C) Uracil
D) Pyroline
E) Adenine
10. Which bonds hold together double strands of DNA?
6. What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?
Date: _____/___________/ 2012
Signature: _____________________
BIOLOGY
CYTOLOGY
Topic 9: DNA replication
Topic 10: RNA
1. Mach the correct sentences with the terms given
below.
a) DNA ligase
b) DNA polymerase
c) DNA Helicase
d) DNA primase
e) RNA primer
1. Mach the sentences.
a) mRNA:
b) tRNA :
c) rRNA :
1.___unwinds the two DNA strands
2.___Produce RNA primers
3.___builds the new strands in a 5’ to 3’ direction
4.___Links the Okazaki fragments
5.___starts the building of new DNA strands
2) ____ form ribosome’s with proteins
2. 3’ AATGCGTAT 5’ is the one strand of a DNA
molecule. What is the sequence of the leading and
lagging strand that produced in DNA replication?
1) ____ transport amino acids from cytoplasm to
ribosome
3) _____ carry information from DNA to ribosome
2. AAA TTT CCC GGG is the DNA strand.
Which of the following is the mRNA strand
produced from DNA given above?
A) TTT AAA GGG CCC
B) UUU AAA GGG CCC
C) UUU TTT GGG CCC D) TTT AAA CCC GGG
E) AAA TTT CCC GGG
3. The triplets of nucleotides base on the mRNA are
called __________.
3. What is the aim of DNA replication?
The triplets of nucleotide base on the tRNA are called
___________.
4. Why are the Okazaki fragments formed during the
replication?
4. Where can we find the RNA in a cell?
5. Compare DNA and RNA molecules.
5. The DNA strand being produced continuously in
the 5’ --> 3’ direction is called the _____ strand.
A) Okazaki
B) leading
C) bubble
D) lagging
E) new
6. Two new strands of DNA molecules grow as
bases are added by the enzyme _____.
A) bacterial duplicating complex
B) DNA polymerase
C) DNA replicase
D) Okazaki enzyme
E) polynucleotidase
6. Write the sites of t-RNA in figure given below.
7. What enzyme joins Okazaki fragments?
A) DNA polymerase
B) DNA ligase
C) topoisomerase
D) Helicase
E) primase
8. Which enzyme unwinds the helical structure of
DNA?
A) DNA polymerase
B) DNA ligase
C) topoisomerase
D) DNA Helicase
E) Primase
9. What are the meanings of 5’ and 3’ terms?
10. Why does replication occur every time from 5’ to 3’?
Date: _____/___________/ 2012
7. Which of the following brings the amino acids
from different sides of cytoplasm to ribosome?
A) DNA B) tRNA C) mRNA D) mtDNA E) rRNA
Signature: _____________________
BIOLOGY
CYTOLOGY
Topic 11: Chromatin and Chromosome
Topic 12: Cell Karyotype
1. What is the chromatin?
1. How many chromosomes are found in a human cell?
2. What components are found in the nucleosome?
2. What is the meaning of karyotype?
3. What is the difference between chromatin and
chromosome?
3. Explain the following terms.
Haploid chromosomes:
4. Explain the following terms:
Histone:
Sister chromosomes:
Nucleosome:
Homologous chromosomes:
Chromatin:
Diploid chromosomes:
Chromatid:
Chromosome:
5. What is the correct sequence from smaller to
bigger?
a- Chromatin
b- DNA
c- Nucleotide
d- Chromosome
e- Gene
f- Chromatid
g- Nucleosome
The correct order: _______________________
4. If an organism has 34 chromosomes, its gamete
cells are _________________.
A) diploid and have 17 chromosomes.
B) diploid and 34 chromosomes
C) haploid and have 17 chromosomes
D) haploid and 34 chromosomes
E) triploid and 51 chromosomes
5. Which of the following is false for human
karyotype?
A) Have 23 pair of chromosome
B) Have 23 homologous chromosome pairs
C) Have 44 autosome and 2 sex chromosome
D) Contain diploid cells
E) 46 chromosome are found in the gamete cells
6. An egg cell of human karyotype is symbolized as
6. If the centromere is located at the mid-point and
each chromosome arm is of equal length, this
chromosome is called ___________.
A) Metasentric
B) submetacentric
C) telocentric
D) Acrocentric
E) centrocentric
7. A nucleosome composes of __________.
A) A gene and centromere
B) DNA and histone protein
C) DNA and RNA
D) centromere and histone protein
E) Only DNA
8. The region of a chromosome holding the two
double strands of replicated DNA together is called
_____.
A) chromatin
B) a centriole
C) a centromere
D) a chromatid
E) an aster
9. The complex of DNA and protein that makes up a
chromosome is properly called _____.
A) a chromatid
B) a chloroplast
C) chromatin
D) a chromoplast
E) a chromagen
Date: _____/___________/ 2012
_______ and a sperm cell symbolized as ___________
or ____________.
7. Why a cell divides into two? Write 2 reasons.
8. A human somatic cell contains _____
chromosomes.
A) 23
B) 47
C) 22
D) 46
E) 44
9. If an intestinal cell in a grasshopper contains 24
chromosomes, a grasshopper sperm cell would
contain ____ chromosomes.
A) 3
B) 6
C) 12
D) 24
E) 48
10. What are the effects of X and Y chromosomes to
human?
Signature: _____________________
BIOLOGY
CYTOLOGY
Topic 13: Mitosis
11. Write the correct names of phases of mitosis.
1._____________ is a period from the beginning of one
division to the beginning of the next division
2. DNA replication occurs in ___________.
A) G1 phase
B) S phase
C) G2 phase
D) prophase
E) telophase
3. Chromatids are formed _____.
A) during G1
B) during G2
C) during the S phase
D) at the start of mitosis
E) at the cytokinesis
4. The main functions of mitosis are _________ ,
__________ and _________________
5. Explain the following phases of Cell cycle.
G1:
S:
G2:
Mitosis:
6. How many chromosomes are present in a
somatic human cell in G1?
A) 23
B) 46
C) 92
D) 184
E) none of the above
7. Sister chromatids separate during ___________.
A) anaphase
B) G1 phase
B) G2 phase
D) metaphase
E) prophase
12. Sister chromosomes are separated from each other
through the each pole in __________ phase.
8. In animal cell mitosis, the cleavage furrow forms
during ___________.
A) anaphase
B) G1 phase
C) cytokinesis
D) metaphase
E) prophase
13. If you want to observe the chromosomes better, in
which phase must be observed? Why?
9. Complete the phases of cell cycle in the given
picture.
14. Single sister chromatids are found in cells at
mitotic _____.
A) prophase and telophase
B) prophase and anaphase
C) prophase and metaphase
D) metaphase and anaphase.
E) anaphase and telophase
15. Which of the following is false about mitosis cell
division?
A) Produce 2 cells.
B) Daughter and parent cell are identical
C) Chromosome number remains constant
D) Seen in body cells
E) It decreases chromosome number to haploid (n).
10. If a human muscle cells divide mitotically 5 times,
what will be expected the number of daughter cells
and their chromosome number?
A) 32-23 B) 10-23 C) 32-46 D) 32-10
Date: _____/___________/ 2012
16. "Cytokinesis" refers to _____.
A) division of the entire cell
B) division of the nucleus
C) division of the cell outside the nuclear material
D) reduction in the number of chromosomes
E) cell movement
Signature: _____________________
BIOLOGY
CYTOLOGY
Topic 14: Meiosis
1. What is the aim of the Meiosis?
2. How many egg cells are produced at the end of
meiosis?
3. Which of the following is not correct for meiosis?
A) It reduces the chromosome numbers into half
B) Four cells form by one meiotic division
C) Occurs only in body cell
D) Occurs in reproductive cells
E) Involves two divisions
9. Which of the following best describes the
meiosis?
A) It is carried out in all tissues that require cell
replacement.
B) It occurs only in cells in the reproductive structures
of the organism.
C) It happens in all tissues except the brain and spinal
cord.
D) It is the first stage of mitosis.
10. Which of the following is true for meiosis II?
A) Sister chromatids separate each other
B) Crossing over is observed in prophase II
C) Chromosome number increase during the
metaphase II
D) Meiosis II occurs in somatic cells
E) After the meiosis II daughter cells can divide many
times again.
4. Why do cells divide in meiosis two times?
11. If an organism receives 12 chromosomes from its
father, how many chromosomes can be expected in
its brain cells?
A) 12 B) 24
C) 64
D) 36 E) 38
5. Which of the following occurs during anaphase I
of meiosis?
A) Formation of tetrads
B) Separation of homologous chromosomes
C) Crossing over
D) Separation of sister chromatids, with one chromatid
pulled toward each pole
E) Line up of chromosomes along the equatorial plane
6. What is the crossing-over? In which phase does it
occur?
12. Rice gamete cells contain 12 chromosomes. How
many chromosomes do rice diploid cells have?
A) 3
B) 6
C) 12
D) 24
E) 48
13. What is the typical result when a diploid cell
undergoes meiosis?
A) two diploid cells
B) two haploid cells
C) four diploid cells
D) four haploid cells
E) two haploid cells and two diploid cells
14. Mitosis and cytokinesis result in the formation
of ______; meiosis and cytokinesis result in the
formation of ________.
A) four diploid cells ... four haploid cells
B) two diploid cells ... two haploid cells
C) two diploid cells ... four haploid cells
D) two diploid cells ... two diploid cells
E) four haploid cells ... two diploid cells
7. Fill in the blanks in figure given below.
15. What are the differences between Mitosis and
Meiosis divisions?
16. Why does chromosome number of cells decrease
half of parent cell’s chromosomes?
17. Where do Meiosis divisions occur in the body?
8. At which stage of Meiosis are chromosomes
lined up in one plane in preparation for their
separation to opposite poles of the cell?
A) prophase I
B) metaphase I
C) anaphase I
D) telophase I
E) interphase
Date: _____/___________/ 2012
18. What is the effect of crossing-over at the variation of
organism?
Signature: _____________________
BIOLOGY
CYTOLOGY
Topic 15: Protein Synthesis
11. Which of the following codons can not code a
functional amino acid?
A) UAC
B) UAA
C) GUG
D) AUG E) UGG
1. Why do we need to synthesize proteins?
2. What is the function of DNA in protein synthesis?
3. Which of following carries information coded in
DNA to ribosomes?
A) tRNA
B) mRNA
C) rDNA
D) rRNA
E) mtDNA
4. Explain the terms of transcription and translation.
5. When RNA is being made, the RNA base ____
always pairs with the base _____ in DNA.
A) U ... T
B) T ... G
C) U ... A
D) A ... U
E) T ... A
6. If the each amino acid is coded by 3 bases (codon)
of 4 bases (ATGC), there must be 64(43) amino acid.
But we have only 20 kind of amino acid.
Write the reason.
12. I- m-RNA is attached to ribosomes
II- m-RNA moves from the nucleus to cytoplasm
III- t-RNA molecules carring aminoacids arrange
themselves along the mRNA template
IV- m-RNA separates from the DNA strand along which
it was synthesized
V- m-RNA separates from ribosome
Which of the following represent the correct
sequence of the steps listed above, leading to the
formation of a protein in a eukaryotic cell?
A) IV-III-I-II-V
B) I-IV-V-II-III
C) I-IV-III-II-V
D) IV-I-II-V-III
E) IV-II-I-III-V
13. How many amino acids can be synthesized by mRNA formed from one strand of DNA which has 4200
total Hydrogen bond and 300 Adenine in protein
synthesis?
14. The DNA code is CGT. What messenger RNA is
made from this?
A) ATU B) GCA C) TCU D) CTA E) UCG
15. The translation process in eukaryotes requires
all of the following, EXCEPT _____.
A) ribosomes
B) RNA polymerase
C) aminoacyl tRNA synthetase enzymes
D) transfer RNA
E) AUG codons
16. Codons Found in Messenger RNA given in table.
7.
5' TACAGCGCTGGC 3'
The above sequence of DNA is part of a gene.
How many amino acids are coded for by this
segment?
A) 4
B) 8
C) 12
D) 20
E) 23
8. How many nucleotides are needed to code for a
protein with 450 amino acids?
A) at least 150
B) at least 300
C) at least 450
D) at least 900
E) at least 1,350
9. Which of the following is NOT associated with
RNA?
A) ribose
B) thymine
C) uracil
D) phosphates
E) single-strandedness
10. Which of the following is false about protein
synthesis?
A) before synthesis DNA must be unzipped
B) code of RNA are given by antisense strand of DNA
C) transcription started by RNA polymerase
D) mRNA strand is identical to antisense DNA strand
except, instead of thymine to uracil
E) tRNA can transfer only one type of amino acid
Date: _____/___________/ 2012
A strand of mRNA containing the repeating sequence
5’AAGAAGAAGAAG3’ could code for which of the
following amino acid sequences?
A) lys–arg–glu–lys
B) ser–ser–glu–glu
C) lys–arg–lys–arg
D) lys–lys–lys–lys
Signature: _____________________