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Genetic Engineering We can use a process called gel electrophoresis to separate the pieces Figure 20.x1a Laboratory worker reviewing DNA band pattern Gel Electrophoresis • Moves DNA because it is negative • Separates DNA fragments based on size • The smaller the fragment the farther it will move • Can compare DNA from individuals Gel Electrophoresis Figure 20.17 DNA fingerprints from a murder case Figure 20.9 Using restriction fragment patterns to distinguish DNA from different alleles Recombinant DNA When a piece of foreign DNA (in purple) is added to a bacterial plasmid (a circular piece of DNA in bacteria), the end result is known as recombinant DNA How to make recombinant DNA: take a gene (piece of DNA) from a human cell and combine it with a plasmid from a bacteria using restriction enzymes. Recombinant DNA: making plants glow