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Name______________________________________ Block____________ Cells and Heredity Chapter 1 Cell Structure and Function Section 1 Discovering Cells Key Terms: cell cell theory microscope 1. ____________________ a widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things 2. ____________________ the basic unit of structure and function in living things 3. ____________________ an instrument that makes small objects look larger Key Concepts: What are cells? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ How did the invention of the microscope contribute to knowledge about living things? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ What is the cell theory? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ How do microscopes produce magnified images? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Name______________________________________ Block____________ Cells and Heredity Chapter 1 Cell Structure and Function Section 2 Looking Inside Cells Key Terms: organelle cell wall cell membrane nucleus cytoplasm mitochondria endoplasmic reticulum Golgi body chloroplast vacuole lysosome ribosome 1. ____________________ a tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell 2. ____________________ a small, round cell structure containing chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones 3. ____________________ the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus; in organisms without a nucleus, the region located inside the cell membrane 4. ____________________ a structure in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell 5. ____________________ a sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area 6. ____________________ a structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food 7. ____________________ a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms 8. ____________________ a cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the Cell 9. ____________________ a cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another 10.___________________ a cell structure that contains nucleic acids, the chemical instructions that direct all the cell’s activities 11.___________________ a small, grain-like structure in the cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are made 12.___________________ rod-shaped cell structures that convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions Key Concepts: What role do the cell wall and cell membrane play in the cell? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ What are the functions of cell organelles? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ How are cells organized in many-celled organisms? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ How do bacterial cells differ from plant and animal cells? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Name______________________________________ Block____________ Cells and Heredity Chapter 1 Cell Structure and Function Section 3 Chemical Compounds in Cells Key Terms: element compound DNA RNA carbohydrate lipid protein amino acid enzyme nucleic acid 1. ____________________ ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins 2. ____________________ deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring 3. ____________________ any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances 4. ____________________ two or more elements that are chemically combined 5. ____________________ a type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing 6. ____________________ energy-rich organic compound, such as a sugar or a starch, that is made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen 7. ____________________ energy-rich organic compound, such as a fat, oil, or wax, that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen 8. ____________________ a small molecule that is linked chemically to other amino acids to form proteins 9. ____________________ large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur 10.___________________ very large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorous, that contains the instructions cells need to carry out all the functions of life. Key Concepts: What are elements and compounds? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ What are the main kinds of organic molecules in living things? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ How is water important to the function of cells? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Name______________________________________ Block____________ Cells and Heredity Chapter 1 Cell Structure and Function Section 4 The Cell in Its Environment Key Terms: Selectively permeable diffusion osmosis passive transport active transport 1. ____________________ a property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot 2. ____________________ the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane 3. ____________________ the movement of materials through a cell membrane using cellular energy 4. ____________________ the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration 5. ____________________ the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy Key Concepts: How do most small molecules cross the cell membrane? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Why is osmosis important to cells? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ What is the difference between passive and active transport? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Test Preparation: Chapter 1 Study Guide p. 38-41 Go online for Self-Assessment: PHSchool.com (Web Code: cea-3010) Study this study guide Extra Credit Opportunities Plant and Animal Cell Activity (Web Code: cep-3012) More on Cellular Transport (Web Code: ced-3014)
