Download Station #3: DNA structure, replication, protein synthesis, mutation

Station #3: DNA structure, replication, protein synthesis,
mutation, genetic variation, natural selection
Read the DNA study guide
Answer the following questions
Prepared transcription and translation
templates and dice.
1. Which letters represent the nitrogenous bases in the diagram of a DNA
molecule shown to the right?
a. W & X
b. Y & Z
c. X & Z
d. W & Y
2. Which of the following describes the DNA molecule?
a. A, C, G and T nucleotides combined in various sequences
b. Amino acids combine in various sequences
c. Carbohydrates combined in various sequences
d. Fatty acids and glycerol combined in various sequences
3. Which of the following is the correct matching of base pairs in DNA?
a. Adenine-Guanine & Thymine-Uracil
b. Guanine – Cytosine & Adenine-Uracil
c. Adenine-Thymine & Guanine-Cytosine
d. Guanine-Thymine & Adenine – Cytosine
Read the Protein Synthesis study guide
Answer the following questions
4. A strand of DNA contains the sequence GGC-CAT. What is the complementary strand of mRNA for this
sequence?
5. What is the relationship between genes and chromosomes?
a. Genes are the proteins encoded by chromosomes
b. Genes are the proteins around which DNA chromosomes are packaged
c. A chromosome is a DNA molecule with many genes
d. Chromosomes are proteins that carry genes made of DNA
6. Which of the following correctly describes how proteins are made? DNA is transcribed into amino acids, then
translated into mRNA which forms a protein.
a. DNA is transcribed into mRNA, then translated into amino acids which form a protein.
b. DNA is transcribed into mRNA then translated into carbohydrates which form a protein
c. Amino acids are transcribed into mRNA, then translated into proteins.
7. What transports amino acids to the ribosomes to be assembled into proteins?
a. tRNA
b. DNA
c. mRNA
8. The sequence of nucleotides in a gene specifies the:
a. Simple sugars to make a carbohydrate.
b. Amino acids needed to make a protein.
d. rRNA
c. Lipids needed to make a protein
d. Amino acids needed to make a lipid bilayer.
9. A green pepper plant has proteins that control the process of making glucose. How does the plant obtain these
proteins?
a. The plant makes the proteins using the instructions in DNA.
b. The proteins are absorbed from the soil by the roots of the plant.
c. The light energy changes molecules in the plant cell into proteins.
d. The proteins are all present in the seed before germination occurs.
10. Inherited traits like eye color are primarily determined by:
a. The carbohydrates expressed by genes
b. The lipids carried in chromosomes
c. The cytoplasm of the sperm and egg cells
d. The proteins expressed by genes
Read the Mutation study guide.
Answer the following questions
11. A mutation is:
a. A change in number of chromosomes
b. A change in your physical appearance
c. A change in DNA sequence
d. Growing extra limbs
Match the DNA change with the correct type of mutation
1)
A. Insertion
B. Deletion
C. Substitution
2)
3)
12. Mutations can happen from:
a. Mistakes in copying DNA
b. Toxins in the environment
c. Ultraviolet radiation in sunlight
d. All of the above.
13. Mutations in ____________ are passed on to future generations.
a. Skin cells
b. Blood cells
c. Sperm and egg cells
d. Brain cells
14. Which of the following is NOT true:
a. Mutations can cause disease
b. Mutations always result in problems
c. Mutations can have no effect
d. Mutations can be beneficial
Read the Mendelian Inheritance study guide.
Answer the following questions
Brown eyes (B) and long tails (T) are dominant traits in cats, while blue eyes (b) and short tails (t) are recessive.
Below is a Punnett square for a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous brown eyed long tailed cats.
15. Fill in the blank boxes for the following cross:
BT
Bt
BT
BBTT
Bt
BBTt
BBtt
bT
BbTT
BbTt
bt
Bbtt
BbTt x BbTt
bT
bt
BbTT
BbTt
BbTt
bbTT
bbTt
bbtt
16. The ratio of brown eyed to blue eyed offspring would be:
a. 4:12 or 25% brown eyed
b. 8:8 or 50% brown eyed
c. 12:4 or 75% brown eyed
d. 16:0 or 100% brown eyed
Short Answer – Writing Conclusions
Directions: Use the following information to write a conclusion
Mike and Kelsey have a male and a female brown mouse with long tails.
Question: What will the offspring of two mice who have brown fur and long tails look like?
Prediction: If two brown mice mate, their offspring will all be brown with long tails.
Procedure: (Note: this is just a summary, not what their full detailed procedure looked like)
1. Allow 2 mice with brown fur and long tails to mate.
2. After the babies are born, record the hair color and tail length of the babies.
3. Repeat steps 1-4 for three more trials.
Data:
Percentage of Total Flies
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Average
Brown hair and long
tails
9
8
10
9
Brown hair and
shorter tails
3
2
4
3
White hair and long
tails
3
2
4
3
White hair and
shorter tails
1
1
1
1
17. Write a conclusion for this controlled experiment. In your conclusion, be sure to:
o
o
o
o
Answer the experimental question.
Include supporting data table above.
Explain how these data support your conclusion.
Provide a scientific explanation for the trend in the data.
Question: What will the offspring of two mice who have brown fur and long tails look like?
Conclusion:
Do This
1. Separate/Unzip the DNA and find the mRNA molecule that matches the DNA side: TAC AGG CCT
2. Take the mRNA and using the provided tRNA molecules, transcribe the mRNA into proteins (chains of amino
acids)
3. Fill out the following table.
Transcription
Original Message or
instructions in:
Nucleotide sequence in gene, in
DNA, in chromosome
Molecule which is
synthesized:
Location in the cell
where this takes place:
Translation
4. What would the amino acid sequence be for your segment of DNA? TAC AGG CCT
____________________________________________
5. How would a person with the segment TAC AAG CGT differ from the person with the code in question 3? Would
they have the same traits? ___________________________________________________________
Do This:
Dihybrid Cross
A mama cow and father bull are heterozygous for brown fur and long curved horns (BbHh). Complete the following to
determine the inherited characteristics of your new baby calf.
1. Roll the die to determine the genotype of the baby calf. If you roll a 5 or 6, re-roll. Roll one determines the
genotype of the sperm (top) while roll two determines the genotype of the egg (side)
1. BH
2. Bh
1. BH
2. Bh
3. bH
4. bh
Dice Roll = ______& _______
Cow Genotype = ______________
Probability of this genotype = _______________
Cow Phenotype = _____________
Probability of this phenotype = _______________
3. bH
4. bh