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Download 10 DNA Vocabulary - Petal School District
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DNA Vocabulary 1. DNA—deoxyribonucleic acid 2. RNA—ribonucleic acid 3. nucleotide—the monomer for nucleic acids; made of a phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base 4. hydrogen bonds—hold nitrogen base pairs together 5. genetic code—the sequence of the nitrogen bases (nucleotides) on DNA 6. DNA replication—process that copies the DNA 7. template strands—the original strands of DNA 8. messenger RNA (mRNA)—copies DNA code 9. ribosomal RNA (rRNA)—makes up ribosomes 10. transfer RNA (tRNA)—carries a specific amino acid to ribosome 11. amino acid—monomer for making proteins 12. codon—3 nitrogen bases in row; represents one amino acid 13. start codon—codes for methionine and signals the start of a protein 14. stop codon—signals the end of a protein 15. triplet code—describes the genetic code being read in sets of 3 bases (codons) 16. universal code—describes the genetic code as each codon represents the same amino acid in all organisms 17. central dogma—DNA→RNA→protein 18. protein synthesis—transcription + translation 19. transcription—makes an mRNA copy of the DNA 20. translation—puts amino acids together to build a protein