Download 10 DNA Vocabulary - Petal School District

DNA Vocabulary
1. DNA—deoxyribonucleic acid
2. RNA—ribonucleic acid
3. nucleotide—the monomer for nucleic acids; made of a phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen
base
4. hydrogen bonds—hold nitrogen base pairs together
5. genetic code—the sequence of the nitrogen bases (nucleotides) on DNA
6. DNA replication—process that copies the DNA
7. template strands—the original strands of DNA
8. messenger RNA (mRNA)—copies DNA code
9. ribosomal RNA (rRNA)—makes up ribosomes
10. transfer RNA (tRNA)—carries a specific amino acid to ribosome
11. amino acid—monomer for making proteins
12. codon—3 nitrogen bases in row; represents one amino acid
13. start codon—codes for methionine and signals the start of a protein
14. stop codon—signals the end of a protein
15. triplet code—describes the genetic code being read in sets of 3 bases (codons)
16. universal code—describes the genetic code as each codon represents the same amino acid
in all organisms
17. central dogma—DNA→RNA→protein
18. protein synthesis—transcription + translation
19. transcription—makes an mRNA copy of the DNA
20. translation—puts amino acids together to build a protein