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BIOLOGY SEMESTER ONE
UNIT 9
CHECKLIST UNIT 9: CELLULAR RESPIRATION
In this module you will investigate cellular respiration, which is process in which the cell breaks
down glucose and other organic fuels to store their energy in the form of ATP. This oxygenrequiring process occurs through a number of steps: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, the electron
transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Alternatively, cells can produce ATP in the
absence of oxygen through fermentation and anaerobic respiration. You will study the
chemical reactions involved in each of these pathways in more detail.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of this module you should be able to:
1. Understand and distinguish between fermentation and cellular respiration.
2. Define oxidation and reduction, and explain how redox reactions are involved in energy
exchanges.
3. In general terms, explain the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration.
4. Identify the three stages of cellular respiration and state the region of the eukaryotic
cell where each stage occurs.
5. Understand the process of glycolysis, and explain why ATP is required for the
preparatory steps of glycolysis.
6. Identify where substrate-level phosphorylation and the reduction of NAD+ occur in
glycolysis.
7. Describe where pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA, what molecules are produced, and
how this process links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle.
8. List the products of the citric acid cycle. Explain why it is called a cycle.
9. In general terms, explain how the exergonic “slide” of electrons down the electron
transport chain is coupled to the endergonic production of ATP by chemiosmosis.
10. Explain where and how the respiratory electron transport chain creates a proton
gradient. Explain why this gradient is described as a proton motive force.
11. Distinguish between fermentation and anaerobic respiration, and understand their
functions.
12. Compare the processes of fermentation and cellular respiration.
13. Describe the evidence that suggests that glycolysis is an ancient metabolic pathway.
14. Explain how glycolysis and the citric acid cycle can contribute to anabolic pathways.
15. Explain how ATP production is controlled by the cell.
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BIOLOGY SEMESTER ONE
UNIT 9
CHECK LIST
 Read Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation of Campbell and Reece’s Biology,
9th Ed.
 As you are reading, address each of the learning objectives listed above.
 It is recommended that you make flash cards for the terminology list provided. This will
be beneficial for studying for the midterm and final exams later in the semester.
 You may be able to review the PowerPoint Lecture and other resources for this unit.
Refer to your instructor’s notes for more details.
 Review the BioFlix Video “Cellular Respiration.”
 For extra practice try the Self Quiz or Practice Test on the Mastering Biology Website.
To log onto the website, use the access code provided in your textbook. You will also
find other resources, such as downloadable MP3 tutorials for each chapter, a glossary,
and an electronic copy of your text- you can catch up on your reading anywhere!
KEY TERMS
acetyl CoA
aerobic respiration
alcohol fermentation
anabolic pathway
anaerobic respiration
ATP synthase
beta oxidation
catabolic pathway
cellular respiration
chemiosmosis
citric acid cycle
cytochrome
electron transport chain
facultative anaerobe
fermentation
glycolysis
lactic acid fermentation
nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide
(NAD+/NADH)
obligate anaerobe
oxidation
oxidative phosphorylation
oxidizing agent
proton-motive force
reducing agent
reduction
substrate-level
phosphorylation
ROOT WORDS TO KNOW
aero- = air (aerobic: chemical reaction using oxygen)
an- = not (anaerobic: chemical reaction not using oxygen)
chemi- = chemical (chemiosmosis: the production of ATP using the energy of hydrogen ion
gradients across membranes to phosphorylate ADP)
glyco- = sweet; -lysis = split (glycolysis: the splitting of glucose into pyruvate)
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BIOLOGY SEMESTER ONE
UNIT 9
SOURCES
Campbell, N. A. (2008). Biology, Eighth Edition. San Francisco: Pearson, Benjamin Cummings.
Krogh, D. (2000). Biology, A Guide to the Natural World. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
Pearson Education. (2010). Retrieved 2010, from Mastering Biology : http://session.masteringbiology.com
NANSLO Biology Core Units and Laboratory Experiments
by the North American Network of Science Labs Online,
a collaboration between WICHE, CCCS, and BCcampus
is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License;
based on a work at rwsl.nic.bc.ca.
Funded by a grant from EDUCAUSE through the Next Generation Learning Challenges.
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