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Biology 120 Lab Exam 2 Review Student Learning Services and Biology 120 Peer Mentors Sunday, March 26th, 2017 6:00 pm Arts 263 Important note: This review was written by your Biology Peer Mentors (not the lab instructors)! It is designed to help you test yourself on topics and concepts covered in lab and should not in any way be considered a “preview” of the actual exam. You are encouraged to attempt to complete this review without the lab manual, text book, your notes, or the internet. The peer mentors are available while you are working to help you with any questions that cause you difficulties. NOTE: This version of the review has been revised. Revision(s): Question 7e) had a repeated statement removed. Question 17 has had an answer changed for clarification The gel in question 18 has been changed to give a clear answer and better reflect lab expectations. Structured Study Session information Mondays 2:00-3:20pm – Room 104 in the Arts Building (Mars) Tuesdays 8:30am-9:50am – Room 213 in the Arts Library (Dakoda) Tuesdays 5:30-6:50pm – Room G3 in the Murray Library (Maryam) Wednesdays 11:30am-12:50pm – Room 211 in the Arts Building (Alexa) Thursdays 11:30am-12:50pm – Room 124 in the Biology Building (Hayley) Thursdays 3:00-4:20pm – Room 104 in the Arts Building (Tara) Spot Test 1. No, it’s unreplicated 2. AB, Ab, aB, ab 3. Prophase I 4. Tetrad/bivalent 5. No, they are not homologous 6. gametophyte 7. archegonia 8. antheridia 9. rhizoids 10. Missing an X chromosome 11. Turner syndrome 12. -short stature -nonfunctioning ovaries (infertility) -webbed neck -wide chest 13. Gel electrophoresis 14. John 15. Dad 3: He provides all the bands the child has but the mother does not Short Answer 1. Fill in the Blanks: a) Plants have a complex life cycle called an __alternation___ __of__ ______generation___, meaning that they have distinct multicellular haploid and diploid stages. b) _____Sporocytes___ undergo meiosis to form haploid cells called spores. c) Crossing over occurs in ____Prophase I___ stage of meiosis. d) In the fern life cycle the species in a haploid during the ____gametophyte_____ stage, whereas the species is diploid during the ____sporophyte___ stage. e) In animals meiosis only occurs in the testis or ovaries , and results in the production of haploid gametes ( _sperm__ or eggs __) Questions and answers for the lab exam review will be posted after the session at: http://library.usask.ca/sss 2 2. Harry Potter is in Herbology class and is studying mandrakes. A grumpy looking (R) mandrake is dominant to happy looking (r) mandrakes. The mandrakes in his care, which are all offspring of the same cross, are 50% homozygous dominant and 50% heterozygous. What were the genotypes of the parents of these mandrakes? RR and Rr 3. During Potions, Harry learns that about 90% of wizards and witches perceive a sweet taste from the Felix Felicis potion. The ability to taste this results from a dominant allele (T). He also learns that in very rare cases drinking the potion causes people to turn purple, the ability being called “purple-turners”. Being a purple-turner is a single locus trait that is recessive (a) to normal pigment. A normally pigmented woman who cannot taste the sweetness of Felix Felicis has a father who is a purple-turner non-taster. She marries a homozygous, normally pigmented man who is a taster but who has a mother that does not taste sweetness. a) List all possible genotypes resulting from this cross. AATt, AAtt, AaTt, Aatt b) What proportion of the children will be purple-turners? ___0__ c) What proportion of the children will be non-tasters? __ ½ ___ 4. During the class Care of Magical Creature, Hagrid is showing off Hippogriffs. The genes that code for Hippogriff fur colour and nail sharpness are linked, 23.4 mu apart. Brown fur (B) is dominant to white (b) and sharp nails (G) are dominant to dull (g). Buckbeak’s mother had white fur and sharp nails, while his father had brown fur and dull nails. a) If Buckbeak who was brown fur and sharp nails mates with Fleetwing who has white fur and dull nails what will be the phenotypic and genotypic frequencies of their offspring? 0.117 Brown Sharp, 0.383 Brown Dull, 0.383 White Sharp, 0.117 White Dull 0.117 BbGg, 0.383 Bbgg, 0.383 bbGg, 0.117 bbgg b) Draw a cell from Buckbeak in Telophase II of Meiosis. Assume no crossing over has occurred. 5. Squibness in wizarding families results in a complete lack of magical ability. It is caused by the recessive allele (t) of an X-linked gene. Amanda, a carrier female for squibness marries Jason, a normally magical male. Questions and answers for the lab exam review will be posted after the session at: http://library.usask.ca/sss 3 a) Draw a Punnet square for this cross. XT b) If they have 2 sons and 4 daughters: i. How many of the male offspring can Y XT XTXT XTY Xt XTXt XtY be expected to be Squibs? ___1____ ii. How many of the offspring can be expected to have normal magical abilities? ___5___ iii. How many of the female offspring can be expected to be carriers? __2___ iv. How many of the daughters can be expected to be magical? __4____ 6. In kneazles, magical creatures that resemble cats, the allele for black fur (B) is dominant to the allele for beige fur (b), and the allele for a puffy-ended tail (T) is dominant to the allele for a pointed-ended tail (t). The gene for fur colour is 9.6 map units from the gene for tail type. a) Draw a Punnett square to illustrate the cross between Mrs Paws, a kneazle with beige fur and a pointed-ended tail and Crookshanks, a kneazle who had black fur and a puffy-ended tail (both of Crookshank’s parents were homozygous for both traits; his mom had black fur and a puffy-ended tail, and his dad had beige fur with a pointed-ended tail). bt Parental BT BbTt 45.2 Recomb Bt Bbtt 4.8 Recomb bT bbTt 4.8 Parental bt bbtt 45.2 b) What is the expected genotypic ratio of their offspring? 9.42 BbTt : 1 Bbtt : 1 bbTt : 9.42 bbtt 7. Instead of studying for his upcoming final exams, Harry Potter procrastinates and instead studies house elf genetics (“elfnetics”) as they prepare Easter dinner at the Hogwarts kitchen. In particular, he observes height and ear length, traits dependent on genes that he knows are autosomal. In the P generation, the female house elf is short and has short ears and the male house elf is tall with long ears. All of the house elves in the F1 generation are short and have long ears. Use “A” to indicate height, and “B” for ear length. a) The genotypes of the house-elves in the P generation are: Female: __ AAbb ____ Male: _ aaBB ____ b) The genotype of the house-elves in the F1 generation is: __ AaBb __ c) An F1 female crosses with a true-breeding tall, short ears male. This male’s genotype is: ____ aabb ____ Questions and answers for the lab exam review will be posted after the session at: http://library.usask.ca/sss 4 d) Harry Potter counts 16 offspring in the F2 generation (from the parents of question c). List the number, phenotypes, and genotypes he would expect if height and ear length were linked and no recombination occurred. 8 Aabb (Short and Short), 8 aaBb (Tall and Long) e) When he counts the F2 generation in the Hogwarts kitchen, he found the following results: 1 short, long eared 7 tall, long eared 7 short, short eared 1 tall, short eared Calculate the distance, in map units, between the genes for height and ear length. 12.5 map units 8. The following pedigree illustrates the inheritance of Spontaneous Expelliarmus in a population. Use ‘E’ to represent the gene responsible. A Normal female Normal male B C Female with trait D a) What is most likely the mode of inheritance? Autosomal Recessive b) What is the genotype of A? ____ Ee________ c) What is the genotype of D? ____ ee_______ d) If individual B and C have a son what is the chance that he will have spontaneous expelliarmus? 50% Questions and answers for the lab exam review will be posted after the session at: http://library.usask.ca/sss 5 9. The following pedigree illustrates the inheritance of pterydactyl (development of bat wings) in cats. Use ‘P’ to represent the gene responsible. Normal female Normal male Female with trait Male with trait Autosomal Dominant a) What is the most likely mode of inheritance for this trait? _________________ b) Give the genotypes of the following individuals. Use the letter “P” for this trait. 6 _____________ Pp c) 7 ______________ Pp 8 ______________ pp If Individuals 6 and 7 have another daughter, what are the chances that she will 75% be affected? ______ You are working as a forensic scientist for the Biology 120 Crime Scene Unit. You are called to a crime scene in the biology building. At the crime scene, you discover blood splatter on the mirror, hair fibres located in the sink, and urine samples along the wall. 10. What is the first step after you have collected cells from the scene? DNA Extraction, specifically addition of cell lysis or detergent. 11. a) What component of blood, urine and hair fibres can you collect DNA from? The nucleus b) Which of the three (blood, urine, or hair fibres) would be the best sample choice? Explain. Urine OR Blood 12. After extracting the DNA from your sample, you put it the thermal cycler. What other ingredients should you add? DNTP’s, DNA (taq) Polymerase, and Primers 13. a) Name the process that utilizes a thermal cycler. PCR- Polymerase Chain Reaction b) What are the steps in this process? i. DNA denaturation ii. Anneal primers iii. Extend primers Questions and answers for the lab exam review will be posted after the session at: http://library.usask.ca/sss 6 14. What must you add to a DNA sample in the first step of Restriction Fragment Analysis? Restriction Enzyme (EcoR1, BAMH1) 15. Your sample is prepared, it is now time to analyze the DNA sample. Name the device that you will use to load the samples into the wells of a gel. Micropipette 16. What makes up the gel used in gel electrophoresis? Agarose gel 17. Which of the following combinations work for analyzing DNA samples with a gel? a) Infrared light and Fast Blast b) White Light and Methylene Blue c) UV light and Methylene Blue d) UV Light and Ethidium Bromide 18. You have successfully loaded your sample and run the gel. Based on the results below, who is the murderer? Ladder Crime Scene Victim Suspect 1 Suspect 2 Suspect 2 19. Name three uses for modern biotechnology. i. ______________________________________________ ii. ______________________________________________ iii. ______________________________________________ 20. What is recombinant DNA? A single DNA molecule with DNA from two different organisms Questions and answers for the lab exam review will be posted after the session at: http://library.usask.ca/sss 7