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HISTOLOGY I.: GENERAL HISTOLOGY
General histology describes:
the origin of a given tissue
the morphology of tissue components,
the function of the tissue
classification within a tissue group
Tissue:
an assembly of cells with similar morphology,
and intercellular tissue components (ground
substance, fibres, if any) which associate to
form organs and systems and are engaged
to fulfill specialized functions.
ORGANISATION LEVELS
ORGANISM
ORGANS
Supraindividual organisation levels
eg. species, population, etc.
LIVING
TISSUES
CELLS
ORGANIC MACROMOLECULES
ORGANIC MICROMOLECULES
INORGANIC MOLECULES
ATOMS, IONS
NON-LIVING
CELL AND CELL ORGANELLES (See cell biology)
DIVERSITY OF CELLS WITHIN THE TISSUES:
1.
1. Cardiac muscle cell
2. A multipolar neuron
2.
HISTORY OF THE CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH 1.:
Anton van Leeuwenhoek,
XVII. century:
algae, bacteria, sperm cells, etc.
HISTORY OF THE CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH 2.:
Robert Hooke 1665:
„cell”: unit in dead
samples of cork.
HISTORY OF THE CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH 3.:
The cell theory:
Cell is the central unit of biological organization:
Cells are the basic units of life.
All living organisms are made up of cells.
Only living cells can produce new cells.
Matthias Schleiden 1838
plants are made up by cells
Theodor Schwann 1839
animals are made
up by cells
HISTORY OF THE CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH 4.:
Rudolf Virchow
1858:
„Omnis cellula e cellula”
(Each cell derives
from another cell).
This is the law of Virchow
HISTORY OF THE CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH 5.:
Marie Francois Bichat (1771-1802):
The first definition of the tissue,
the founder of histology
(he described 21 „textures”)
but without microscope!
Marcello Malpighi: 1628-1694):
„Father of histology”
He used the microscope and
described
several microscopic structures
HISTORY OF THE CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH 6.:
Origin of the word „histology”:
A. Mayer, 1819 created the term : histos= tissue, logos=study
B. Sir Richard Owen (1804-1892): recommends the usage
Rudolph von Kölliker (1817-1905:
the first histology textbook:
„Handbuch der Gewebelehre”
(The book for teaching tissues), 1852.
HISTORY OF THE CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH 7.:
Henle (1809-1885): the first
histology-based
extensive microscopical
investigations
Golgi (1844-1926): pioneering methodical
development:
the silver impregnation of the nervous tissue