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ANATOMY
Introduction
Anatomy and Histology 2014
Levels of structural organization
(1) CHEMICAL LEVEL
(2) CELLULAR LEVEL
(3) TISSUE LEVEL
(5) SYSTEM LEVEL
(6) ORGANISM LEVEL
(4) ORGAN
LEVEL
Anatomy and Histology 2014
Anatomical Position and Terminology
Orbital (Eye)
Otic (Ear)
Nasal (Nose)
Oral (Mouth)
Cranial (Skull)
CERVICAL
CEPHALIC
(Shoulder)
(Neck)
Thorax (Chest)
Axillary (Armpit)
Carpal (Wrist)
Palm
Digital, Palangeal
(fingers)
TRUNK
Antebrachial
(Forearm)
Vertebral
(Spinal column)
Brachial (Arm)
Abdomen
Antecubital (Elbow) Cubital
Dorsal
(Back)
UPPER
LIMB
Lumbar (Loin)
Pelvis
Manual
(Hand)
Femoral (Thigh)
Patellar (Knee) Popliteal
Crural (Leg)
Pedal (Foot)
(Head)
Acromial
Tarsal (Ankle)
Anatomy and Histology 2014
LOWER
LIMB
DIRECTIONAL TERMINOLOGY
SUPERIOR (cephalic or cranial) Toward the head, or the upper part of a structure.
INFERIOR (caudal) Away from the head, or the lower part of a structure.
ANTERIOR (ventral) Nearer to or at the front of the body.
POSTERIOR (dorsal) Nearer to or at the back of the body.
MEDIAL Nearer to the midline
LATERAL Farther from the midline.
INTERMEDIATE Between two structures.
IPSILATERAL On the same side of the body as another structure.
CONTRALATERAL On the opposite side of the body from another structure.
PROXIMAL Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk
DISTAL Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk
SUPERFICIAL (external) Toward or on the surface of the body.
DEEP (internal) Away from the surface of the body.
VISCERAL Nearer to the internal organs
PARIETAL Farther from the internal organs
Anatomy and Histology 2014
DIRECTIONAL TERMINOLOGY
LATERAL
MEDIAL
Midline
LATERAL
SUPERIOR
PROXIMAL
INFERIOR
DISTAL
Anatomy and Histology 2014
Planes
Imaginary flat surfaces that pass
through the body parts
Frontal plane
Transverse plane
Parasagittal plane
Oblique plane
Midsagittal plane
Anatomy and Histology 2014
Planes and Sections
Frontal plane
View
Frontal section
Anatomy and Histology 2014
Planes and Sections
View
Transverse plane
Transverse section
Anatomy and Histology 2014
Planes and Sections
Sagittal plane
Sagittal section
View
Anatomy and Histology 2014
Body Cavities
Cranial cavity
Vertebral cavity
Thoracic
cavity
Body cavities are
spaces within the body
that help protect,
separate, and support
internal organs.
Diaphragm
Abdominopelvic
cavity:
Abdominal
cavity
Pelvic
cavity
Anatomy and Histology 2014
Organs inside the thoracic
and abdominopelvic
cavities are called Viscera
Distribution of body fluids
Anatomy and Histology 2014
Exchange of water among body fluid
compartments
Anatomy and Histology 2014