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Biomolecules
Biomolecules

Biomolecules are carbon based molecules
made by living things.

They can also be called macromolecules.
 Macro = large
 Micro = small
Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates: a molecule that is
used by many plants and animals to
store energy for a short time.

Examples:


Sugar, and Starch
-ose means that something is a type of
sugar. Example: Glucose, Lactose,
Fructose
Carbohydrates
Some foods that contain a lot of Carbohydrates
Pasta
Bread
Potato
Lipids

Lipids: molecules created and used by
animals for long term energy storage,
protection, and warmth.


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Fat on your body provides you with an
extra layer for warmth if its cold
It also protects your brain in case your
head gets hit, absorbing the impact
Examples: Fats Oils and Wax
Lipids
Things that contain lipids
Cooking Oils
Butter
Candles
Lipid Structure
Glycerol
Lipids are made of two
parts. A glycerol and
fatty acids
Fatty Acids
Protein

Protein: the work horse of the biomolecules.
These molecules carry out most of the
functions of the cell, act as building blocks,
and allow organisms to move and do many
other things.

Examples: Muscle on animals is mostly
protein.
Protein
Some examples of protein
Same
Muscle
Meats
Note: The meat you eat is just the muscle of some
animal. For example, beef is cow muscle.
Proteins

Proteins are polymers made of amino
acids.

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Polymer- a molecule composed of many
smaller units.
Monomer – the smaller unit contained in
a polymer.
Proteins

Enzymes, a type of protein, controls
the rate of reactions.


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-ase means that something is an enzyme
Example: Protease, Lactase, Amylase
Example: Lactase is an enzyme that
breaks down lactose, a sugar.
Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids: store genetic information
about an organism.

Examples: DNA RNA

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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the blueprint for
most living things on earth. Those that don’t
use DNA use RNA.
Your DNA is unique and only an identical twin or
clone will have the same DNA as you.
Nucleic Acids
DNA
Review Questions

Name the four Biomolecules:


What are Carbohydrates used for?


Carbohydrate, Lipid, Protein, and
Nucleic Acid
To store energy for later use
What are Nucleic Acids for?

To store genetic information
Review Questions

What do lipids do for you?


The store energy and help keep you
warm.
Give an example of a food where you
would find protein.

Any meat
Review Questions

Give an example of a food where you
would find a lot of carbohydrates.


Potato, bread, pasta, etc
Give an example of food with a lot of
lipids.

Pizza, butter, any fatty food.