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Biomolecules Test Review 1. DNA Sugar Backbone Nitrogen Bases Double or Single strand? deoxyribose A,T,C,G double 1. What are the four biomolecules? Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids 2. What is an nucleotide made up of? 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base 3. What is the main function of carbohydrates? Provide energy 4. What kind of organisms can make carbohydrates – what is the name of the carbohydrate they make? Plants - starch 5. Glucose is a type of __carbohydrate________. We know the formula for glucose is _ C6H12O6_____. 6. Why is glycogen important for animals? Store it in the muscles and liver 7. What is a monosaccharide? Give an example. A simple sugar Ex glucose 8. List the proteins in your body? Hair, Skin, Hemoglobin, Collagen 9. What is a disaccharide? Give an example. 2 monosaccharides bonded together Ex: table sugar 10. What is a polysaccharide? Give an example. Contains 3 or more monosaccharides bonded together in a chain. Ex. Starch 11. What type of biomolecule makes up the cell membrane bilayer? Lipids (phospholipids) 12. Give three examples of lipids fats, oils, wax 13. What are the building blocks of protein? Amino acids 14. DNA and RNA are the two examples of what kind of biomolecule? Nucleic acid 15. What are 4 basic elements that make up proteins? Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen,Nitrogen 16. What are the 3 basic elements that make up carbohydrates? Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen 17. What are the 3 basic elements that make up lipids?Carbon, Hydrogen, oxygen 18. Enzymes are special kinds of (proteins / carbohydrates / lipids / nucleic acids). 19. How do enzymes affect activation energy? They lower activation energy( amount of energy needed) 20. How do enzymes affect chemical reaction rates? They speed up the rate of the reaction 21. Are enzymes used up during a chemical reaction? no 22. A protein that has lot it’s function, shape, and hydrogen bonds is considered to be?denatured 23. Can humans digest cellulose? What was the example discussed in class? No, Corn—yellow shell 24. Why is cellulose important for plants? Gives them their rigid structure 25. What did Watson and Crick discover?DNA structure 26. What does DNA stand for? Deoxyribonucleic Acid 27. What is the sugar in DNA? Deoxyribose 28. What are the four nitrogen bases in DNA? Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine 29. What is the shape of DNA? Double helix 30. What are the two purines? Adenine, guanine 31. What are the two pyrimidines? Thymine, Cytosine 32. What nucleotide base always pairs with adenine? thymine 33. What nucleotide base pairs with guanine? Cytosine 34. What biomolecule is responsible for determining how each of us are different?DNA 35. DNA helps build amino acids which in turn make _proteins_. 36. What kind of bond holds the complementary base pairs of the DNA strand together? hydrogen 37. What will happen to a protein if it becomes denatured? It will not function (looses its shape) 38. In the Biomolecules lab, the Biuret reagent tested for what? Protein 39. What color will the biuret turn the substance if it is positive for protein? purple 40. In the Biomolecules lab, what was the positive control for proteins? Explain why it was a positive control. Egg whites, because it was given than egg whites are pure protein 41. In the Biomolecules lab, what was the negative control? Explain why it was a negative control. Water, we knew water did not contain any biomolecules 42. Your positive control for starch turns black when tested with iodine. When testing three different substances (Unknown A, B & C), only “Unknown C” turned black when tested with iodine. What can you conclude about all three Unknowns? A and B do not contain starch. Unknown C does contain starch 43. What biomolecule does 42 test?Carbohydrate 44. Be able to identify the following scientists and their important discoveries: • • • • Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase- discovered that DNA stores genetic information in living cells James Watson and Francis Crick- pieced together the structure of DNA Rosalind Franklin—developed X-ray pictures of DNA Chargaff- noticed the rules for base pairing (Adenine- Thymine and Cytosine – Guanine)
