Download Inside the Eukaryotic Cell

Only eukaryotic cells have
A. DNA
B. Membrane-bound organelles
C. Ribosomes
D. Cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Cells
 Each organelle allows the cell to perform highly
sophisticated and specialized functions
Cytoskeleton
 Protein fibers found in eukaryotic cells
 Supports the cell like the bones support a body
 The cytoskeleton helps the cell move, keep its
shape, and organize its parts.
Types of cytoskeleton fibers
 Microfilaments
 Microtubules
 Intermediate fibers
 All of these are classified as protein fibers
Microfilaments
 Contract and pull the cell to help it move and change
shape
Microtubules
 Hollow tubes that information molecules move
through
Intermediate Fibers
 Anchor organelles and enzymes to certain parts of the
cell
Eukaryotic
 DNA is packaged in the nucleus
 DNA along with some proteins must be kept separate
from the cytoplasm
Nucleus
 Surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear
envelope
 Nuclear envelope has pores which allow substances to
pass in and out
Nucleus
 Nucleolus is the region where ribosome parts are made
 Parts leave through the pores into the cytoplasm
Ribosomes
 Can be “free” or “bound”
 Free float in the cytoplasm
 Bound are attached to organelles
 Both make proteins
Microfilaments, microtubules, and
intermediate fibers are three kinds
of cytoskeleton
A. Protein fibers
B. Membranes
C. Organelles
D. DNA
What kind of cytoskeleton fibers
could help a cell change shape to
fit into a space?
A. Microfilaments
B. Microtubules
C. Intermediate fibers
D. Tubulin Fibers
Which of the following is true of
both DNA and some proteins?
A. Made in the nucleus
B. Made in ribosomes
C. Must be kept separate from cytoplasm
D. Must be kept separate from nucleus
The double membrane surrounding
the nucleus is called the
A. Nucleolus
B. Nuclear wall
C. Ribosome
D. Nuclear Envelope
In a cell, proteins are made on the
A. Mitochondria
B. Ribosomes
C. Nucleus
D. Cell membrane
Protein Processing
 Proteins have many purposes
 The endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi
apparatus are organelles that prepare proteins for
extracellular export
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
 Move proteins and other substances through cell
 Rough – Ribosomes are attached which make it
appear “rough”.
 Part of ER that makes proteins
 Smooth - no attached ribosomes
 make lipids and break down toxic substances
Golgi Apparatus
 Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for distribution
Central Vacuole
 Found in many plant cells
 Stores water, ions, nutrients, and waste products
Energy Production
 The energy for cellular functions is produced by
chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria and
chloroplasts
Mitochondria
 Uses energy from organic compounds to make ATP
 Cells that require more energy may have more
mitochondria
Where are bound ribosomes
located?
A. Suspended in the cytosol
B. Inside the nucleus
C. Attached to membranes of another organelle
D. Outside the cell membrane
The organelle that moves proteins
and other substances through the
cell is the
A. Endoplasmic reticulum
B. Mitochondria
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Cytoplasm
The organelle that modifies, sorts,
and packages proteins is the
A. Endoplasmic reticulum
B. Ribosome
C. Lysosome
D. Golgi apparatus
Some plant cells have a large
membrane-bound compartment in
which water, waste products, and
nutrients can be stored. This
compartment is called the
A.
Mitochondria
B.
Chloroplast
C.
Golgi Apparatus
D. Central Vacuole
A cell that requires a lot of energy
might contain a large number of
A. Chromosomes
B. Vacuoles
C. Mitochondria
D. Lysosomes
The organelles associated with
plant photosynthesis are the
A. Mitochondria
B. Chloroplasts
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Vacuoles
What do chloroplasts and
mitochondria have in common?
A. Absorption of light energy
B. Presence in all cells
C. Production of ATP
D. Digestion of cell wastes