Download DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes Guided Notes

DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes Guided Notes
DNA
DNA’s full name is _________________________________ _________________________. DNA is
made up of _______________________________ and is the _________________________ for
building proteins.
A nucleotide is made up of three parts:
___________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________
Bases are ____________________ __________________________ strategically to maintain the
“code”. Specific sections of DNA are known as ____________________.
Genes
A gene is a ________________________ ________________________ of the DNA code that
codes for a particular _________________________. Genes can be found on specific
________________________.
Chromosomes
All of the DNA in your body is wound tightly into chromosomes. The DNA is wound
around Histone proteins.
Humans have __________ chromosomes in their body cells, or ___________ pairs of
chromosomes.
____________________________ chromosomes have the same general size and
appearance, and contain the same _________________. You inherit one homologous
chromosome from your __________________________ and one from your
_______________________.
There are two types of chromosomes: _________________________, numbered 1-22, and
_______________ ________________________, named X and Y. Autosomes give traits such
as hair color and height, while sex chromosomes are directly related to the sexual traits
of an organism.
Types of Cells and their Chromosomes
Somatic cells, also known as _________________ ___________________ make up most of
the organism. __________________ _______________________ are cells in the reproductive
organs. They are also known as gametes. These cells pass genetic information to
offspring.
Somatic cells have a _____________________ chromosome number, or 2n. This means
these cells have all 46 (human) chromosomes, or two copies of each chromosome.
Gametes, or sex cells have a ___________________ chromosome number, with only one
copy of each chromosome. This means they contain _____________ chromosomes.
(human)