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DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes Guided Notes DNA DNA’s full name is _________________________________ _________________________. DNA is made up of _______________________________ and is the _________________________ for building proteins. A nucleotide is made up of three parts: ___________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ Bases are ____________________ __________________________ strategically to maintain the “code”. Specific sections of DNA are known as ____________________. Genes A gene is a ________________________ ________________________ of the DNA code that codes for a particular _________________________. Genes can be found on specific ________________________. Chromosomes All of the DNA in your body is wound tightly into chromosomes. The DNA is wound around Histone proteins. Humans have __________ chromosomes in their body cells, or ___________ pairs of chromosomes. ____________________________ chromosomes have the same general size and appearance, and contain the same _________________. You inherit one homologous chromosome from your __________________________ and one from your _______________________. There are two types of chromosomes: _________________________, numbered 1-22, and _______________ ________________________, named X and Y. Autosomes give traits such as hair color and height, while sex chromosomes are directly related to the sexual traits of an organism. Types of Cells and their Chromosomes Somatic cells, also known as _________________ ___________________ make up most of the organism. __________________ _______________________ are cells in the reproductive organs. They are also known as gametes. These cells pass genetic information to offspring. Somatic cells have a _____________________ chromosome number, or 2n. This means these cells have all 46 (human) chromosomes, or two copies of each chromosome. Gametes, or sex cells have a ___________________ chromosome number, with only one copy of each chromosome. This means they contain _____________ chromosomes. (human)