Download Cell - Mahtomedi Middle School

NOTES 1:2
Looking Inside Cells
How Do the Parts of a Cell Work?
Each cell structure has a different function within the cell.
Cell wall
Cytoplasm
Chloroplasts
Cell membrane
How Do the Parts of a Cell Work?
The nucleus acts as a cell’s control center, directing all of the
cell’s activities.
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Cell membrane
How Do the Parts of a Cell Work?
Lysosomes
Golgi
apparatus
Vacuole
Cell Wall
• A rigid layer that
surrounds the cells
of plants.
• Helps protect and
support the cell
• made of cellulose
Cell Membrane
“window screen”
• Controls what gets in and out of the cell
• In plants – just inside the cell wall
• In animals – outer boundary of the cell
Cell Membrane
Color the cell
membrane
Organelles
• Tiny Cell structures that carry
out specific functions within
the cell
Nucleus – the largest organelle
“Brain of the cell”
• Directs the cell’s
activities
• Surrounded by a
membrane called the
nuclear envelope materials pass in and
out through pores in the
nuclear envelope.
Answer
st
1
• What does the
nuclear envelope
do and where is it?
• It allows materials
to pass through
pores – surrounds
the nucleus
question on pg. 14
More on the nucleus
• Chromatin
– thin strands of
material that fill
the nucleus
– contains info for
directing a cell’s
activities
Chromatin forms
DNA – write this…
Even more on the nucleus
• Nucleolus
– small round
structure in
nucleus
– make ribosomes
• Ribosomes
produce proteins
Cytoplasm
• Thick, clear, gel
like fluid
• Moves organelles
within the cell
Organelles in the Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
“powerhouse”
Converts energy stored in food into
energy the cell can use
Challenge Question pg. 14
In what types of cells would you
expect to find a lot of
mitochondria?
Muscle Cells
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8NPzLBSBzPI
Endoplasmic Reticulum
“conveyor belt”
• Maze of
passageways
• Carries proteins
from one part of
the cell to
another. (write that!!!)
Show Lucy Ball video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8NPzLBSBzPI
Ribosomes
“protein factories”
• Some are
attached, or “dot
part of the ER”,
others float in the
cytoplasm
• Place where
proteins are
made
ER
Ribosomes
Answer question on pg. 15
• What do
ribosomes do?
• Make proteins
ER
Ribosomes
Color the cell parts that you’ve
learned so far in the diagram and
the matching parts of the key
Comparing Plant and Animal Cells
Golgi Apparatus
“Cell warehouse”
• Looks like flattened
sacs and tubes
• Receives proteins
from ER, packages
and sends them
throughout the cell,
or outside the cell
Golgi
Apparatus –
define it…
The Golgi apparatus is an organelle
that
and
materials made in the ER
Golgi
Apparatus –
define it…
The Golgi apparatus is an organelle
that packages and
distributes
materials made in the ER
Vacuoles
“Storage”
• Large water filled
sacs in cytoplasm
• Store food, H2O,
and waste in cells
• Largest in plant
cells – (write this!!!)
Nucleus
Cell
membrane
Cell wall
Golgi
apparatus
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
• Green structures in
plant cells
• Captures energy in
sunlight and changes it
to a form of energy cells
can use in making food.
• photosynthesis occurs
here (write that!!!)
Look at figure 5 – answer the question.
• In which part of a
plant would you NOT
expect to find cells
with chloroplasts?
• Roots, flowers, or
seeds
Lysosomes
Recycling organelle
• Contain chemicals
that break down
large food particles
into smaller ones.
• Also break down old
cell parts
How do Cells Work Together
in an Organism?
• Cells in multicellular organisms are often very different
from one another and perform different functions
• specialized cells are found only in multicellular
organisms
• Read the paragraph about specialized cells. Underline
the phrases or sentences that describe the main ideas
about specialized cells.
• They perform specific functions that benefit the entire
organism.
• One type of cell does one kind of job, while other types
of cells do other jobs.
How Do Cells Work Together?
1
4
3
2
Cell
Organization
Cells Working Together
In multicellular
organisms, cells
are organized
into tissues,
organs, and
organ systems.
Cell Organization
“The Building Blocks”
Cell - the basic unit of life
Tissue - similar cells working
together
Ex. Blood, muscle, bone
Organ – a group of tissues working
together
Ex. Heart – made of blood, nerve, and muscle tissue
Organ System – several organs working together
Ex. Heart and blood vessels make circulatory system
Organism – Organ systems functioning to keep
organism alive
Ex. Roots, stems, and leaves help keep plant alive
Amazing Facts about cells
• 50,000 of the cells in your body will
die and be replaced with new cells,
all while you have been reading this
sentence!
• In 1 square inch of skin there lies 4
yards of nerve fibers, 1300 nerve
cells, 100 sweat glands, 3 million
cells, and 3 yards of blood vessels.
More Amazing Facts about cells
• The average adult is made up of 100
trillion cells.
• We give birth to 100 billion red blood
cells every day and about two million
red blood cells every second.
compound
microscope
simple
microscope
(only one lens)
cork
drops of lake water,
scrapings from
teeth and gums, and
water from rain
gutters