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Download Biology Chapter 11- Gene Expression Miss Ventrone
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Biology Chapter 11- Gene Expression Name__________________________ Miss Ventrone Period___________ I. Role of Gene Expression Gene expression is the activation (“_______________”) of a gene ◦ Digestion of milk ◦ Separation of fingers and toes Genome: _________________ ________________ ______________ contained in an individual Prokaryotes Discovered in the early 1960’s by Francois __________ and Jacques _____________ They were studying how __________ ______________ the _______________ of sugar lactose (found in milk) in _________________ Absence of Lactose Regulator genes code for _______________ proteins which ___________ a gene from being _________________ Presence of Lactose Lactose binds to the repressor protein _____________ it to ________________ and allowing _______ __________________ to begin transcription producing mRNA Eukaryotes Much more ______________ than prokaryotes _________________________ Contain genetic information within the ________________ Structure of Eukaryotic Genes ____________________ site of _______________ ___________________ in DNA and RNA **Some portions remain ____________________ coiled in ______________________-these genes can ____________ be transcribed** Introns- ___________________ but NOT ____________________ ____________- BOTH ___________________ and ___________________ Control after Transcription Pre-mRNA ◦ Intron Exon Intron Exon Pre-mRNA Contains both __________ and __________ Exon after splicing ◦ Exon ________ occurs turning pre-mRNA into mRNA II. Gene Expression in Development Cell Differentiation – cells have ___________ jobs within the cell ◦ Muscle cells-_____________ _________ _____________ ◦ ___________ ___________ cells-carry oxygen ◦ Liver Cells-__________ ________ _______ ◦ _____________________- development of __________________ in an organism Homeotic Genes Determine where _________________ ______________ develop during morphogenesis ◦ Anntennapedia-______________ occurring in this gene that makes a ______ grow where an _____________ should be Cells are __________________ switching genes on and off DNA chip- used for _____________ _____________ ______________________ ◦ Fragments are ____________ with a fluorescent compound which lights up when that __________ is turned ____________ III. Cancer Cancer- __________________ growth of cells that _____________ other parts of the body Proto-oncogenes- _______________ cell growth and division ◦ Mutations change a ______-________________ into an _________________ Oncogene- ___________ cell division and over expression of proteins at the wrong time Tumors Tumor- _________________ ________________________ of cells ◦ Benign- growth that ______________ ______________ ◦ Malignant-__________ and destroys tissues at __________ places within the body-- ___________________ Causes of cancer Carcinogen-any substance that ____________ cancer (ex. ____________, ____________, UV rays, viruses) ◦ Mutagens- agents that cause mutations to occur within a cell Kinds of Cancer Carcinomas – grow in tissues lining ___________ Sarcomas – grow in bone and ____________ tissues Lymphomas-___________ solid tumors growing in the lymphatic system