Download What is Mental Health?

What is Mental Health?
Lesson 1
https://youtu.be/DdZgPbgBqSg
 Good?
 Bad?
 Does
everyone have it?
 Why is it important?
See wheel
definitions on
separate sheet
• How do you define wellness?
• When would your wheel be unbalanced?
• The World Health Organization defines wellness as: “a
complete state of physical, mental, and social wellbeing, not
merely the absence of disease or illness.”
World Health Organization (WHO), 2015
Common Diagnoses…
•
•
•
•
Depression
Bipolar Disorder/Mania
Anxiety
Addictive Disorders
• Eating Disorders
• Personality Disorders
• Psychotic Disorders
National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), 2015
Treatment is possible…
•
•
•
•
•
•
Counseling
Medication
Exercise
Choosing to be in positive environment
Reducing Stigma…
https://youtu.be/tfnQTleZ3Lc
 20% of youth ages 13-18 live with a mental health condition.
 50% of all lifetime cases of mental illness begin by age 14 and 75% by age 24
 The average delay between onset of symptoms and intervention is 8-10yrs
 Approx 50% of students age 14 and older with a mental illness drop out of high
school
 70% of youth in state and local juvenile justice system have a mental illness.
 About ½ of all Americans will meet criteria for some type of mental disorder
sometime in their lifetime, with first onset usually in childhood or adolescence
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 2014
8% of youth have an Anxiety Disorder
 ANXIETY is an emotion characterized by feelings of tension, worried
thoughts, and physical changes such as increased blood pressure
Those with ANXIETY DISORDERS:
• Have recurring, intrusive, uncontrollable thoughts and concerns
• Respond to certain objects or situations with fear and dread
• The anxious response is typically not appropriate for the situation
• The anxiety interferes with normal functioning
• May avoid certain situations out of worry
• Physical symptoms such as sweating, trembling, dizziness, or a rapid
heartbeat
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 2015
 May begin at any time, however, they often surface in adolescence and
early adulthood
 Most common include:
 Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
 Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia
 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
 Phobias
 Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)
..
.
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 2014
• Do you worry excessively about things that are unlikely to happen,
or feel tense and anxious all day long with no real reason?
Everyone gets anxious sometimes!!
• BUT ,if your worries and fears are so excessive that they interfere
with your ability to function and relax, you may have generalized
anxiety disorder (GAD).
GAD is mentally and physically exhausting. It drains
your energy, interferes with sleep, and wears your body
out. But you can break free from chronic worrying and
learn to calm your anxious mind.
Treatment for Anxiety
 Minor: self help books, tips for managing anxiety
 Counseling
 Learn how to change negative thinking
 Relaxation techniques
 Ex: Deep breathing
 Medication
 Exercise
 What works for you????
•
Stress is simply a reaction to a stimulus that disturbs our
physical or mental equilibrium. It is the brains response to
any demand.
•
What is stressful for one person may be pleasurable for
someone else. Everyone reacts differently to stress.
•
A stressful event can trigger the “fight-or-flight” response,
causing hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol to surge
through the body.
Stress is your body’s way of responding to any
kind of demand or threat.
• When you feel threatened your nervous system responds by
releasing stress hormones, adrenaline and cortisol, which alert the
body for emergency action.
• Your heart pounds faster, muscles tighten, blood pressure rises,
breath quickens, and your senses become sharper.
• These physical changes increase your strength and stamina, speed
your reaction time, and enhance your focus.
(Lesson 2)
11 % of youth have a mood disorder
•Mood disorders: also called affective disorders, are a category of
illnesses that describe a serious change in mood. They typically
involve persistent feelings of sadness, losing interest in important parts
of life, or fluctuations from extreme happiness to extreme sadness.
Currently, the most common Mood Disorders are:
1. Major Depressive Disorder/Major depression
2. Chronic depression (also known as Dysthymia)
3. Bipolar Disorder (also known as manic depression)
Lets talk about each…
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 2015
Major Depression/Clinical Depression
• Most common type of mood disorder
• Persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest
– A constant sense of hopelessness and despair
– Loss of interest in normal activities and relationships
• Requires a diagnosis by a family care doctor or psychiatrist
– Symptoms must be present every day for at least 2 weeks
• Symptoms include:
– Constant fatigue/loss of energy, worthlessness and guilt, impaired
concentration, indecisiveness, insomnia or hypersomnia almost
every day, restlessness, weight loss or gain, appetite changes,
suicidal thoughts
• Causes may include chemical imbalance in brain and stressful life
events (such as loss of a loved one, family issues, bullying, trauma,
abuse, etc.)
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 2015; American Psychological Association, 2015
Chronic Depression
• Mild to moderate type of long-term
depression, also referred to as Dysthymia or persistent
depressive disorder
– Not as severe as major depression, however, is longer-lasting
• Requires diagnosis
– A low mood occurring for at least one year if under 18 or two
years if order 18), along with at least two other symptoms of
depression.
• Symptoms may significantly interfere with every day
activities:
– Loss of interest in normal activities, hopelessness, low selfesteem, overall feeling of inadequacy, appetite and sleep
issues, low energy and poor concentration
• If you have chronic depression you may described as being
unhappy, constantly complaining, or incapable of having fun.
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 2014; American Psychological Association, 2015
Maggie’s story…
http://youtu.be/zqb
UIM0MrWs
Depression
SEE THE DIFFERENCE?? THINK ITS SERIOUS?
Teen Depression - A Common Problem
• It is not unusual for teens to experience “the blues” or feel “down in the
dumps” occasionally.
• Teen depression is a SERIOUS medical problem that affects how you think,
feel, and behave & can cause emotional, functional, and physical problems.
• Approximately 20% of teens will experience depression before adulthood.
• Between 10 to 15% of teenagers have symptoms of depression at any one time.
• Depression increases a teen’s risk for attempting suicide by 12X
• 30% of teens with depression develop a substance abuse problem.
• Depressed teens usually have a smaller social circle & take advantage of fewer
career & educational opportunities.
• Depressed teens are more likely to have trouble in school and relationships.
Mental Health American (MHA), 2016; American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2015
Bipolar Disorder
(Also known as Manic Depression)
Extreme and Rapid
Mood Changes:
Depressive moods
Manic moods
Bipolar Disorder
• A disorder associated with episodes of mood swings ranging from
depressive lows to manic highs called manic or depressive episodes
• Each episode usually lasts day to weeks at a time and may occur
several times a year or throughout the year
• Mania symptoms include periods of elevated mood or irritability. When
experiencing a manic episode, a person often has high energy levels
with reduced need for sleep
• Depression symptoms include feeling sad, low energy and motivation,
excessive sleep, loss of interest, and isolation.
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 2014; American Psychological Association, 2015
More on Mania…
• A manic disorder is not a disorder in and of itself, but
rather is a part of a type of bipolar disorder
• Mania- mood of an abnormally elevated arousal energy
level, marked by period of great excitement, delusions,
and over activity
• It’s a state of extreme physical and emotional elation
Symptoms are not a result of substances
• The word is derived from the Greek ( Mania) meaning “
madness, frenzy”.
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 2014; American Psychological Association, 2015
• There is a common myth that people with Bipolar Disorder shift back
and forth from depression and mania very often.
• The “Jekyll-Hyde” personality, that can turn on a dime from sad to
euphoric, is a myth about Bipolar
• Average person with Bipolar is depressed more often than manic
• Some will shift back and forth more quickly that others but that is not
the typical pattern
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 2014
Psychotic Disorders
Also called: Psychosis
• PSYCHOTIC DISORDER: Mental illness involving disordered
thinking and behaviors.
– Characterized by a disconnection from reality
 Symptoms of a psychotic disorder vary from person to person
and may change over time based on the specific diagnosis. The
major symptoms are hallucinations and delusions.
• The person with the disorder usually isn’t aware of his or her behavior
• Hallucinations: unusual sensory experiences or
perceptions of things that aren’t actually present
*seeing things that aren't there *hearing voices *smelling
odors *having a "funny" taste in your mouth *feeling
sensations on your skin even though nothing is touching
your body.
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 2014; American Psychological Association, 2015
• False beliefs that are inconsistent with reality, persistent, organized, and
that do not go away after receiving logical or accurate information.
•
A delusion may involve real-life situations that could be true, such as
having a terminal illness or disease, being followed, or being conspired
against
• Despite medical doctors, family, friends and peers confirming that
the individual is not ill, conspired against, or being followed, the
individual continues to live and behave as if the delusion is
true.
•
Some types of Psychotic Disorders include:
• Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, Brief
Psychotic Disorder, Substance-induced Psychotic Disorder
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 2014
Assignment : Read “Teen Smokers are prone to
psychotic Disorders” Read and answer the 5
questions from the article.
Lesson 3
Eating disorders involve extreme emotions, attitudes and
behaviors surrounding weight and food issues. They cause
serious emotional and physical problems that can have lifethreatening consequences.
• Highest mortality rate of all mental illnesses
• Teenage eating disorders have multiplied over the past 10
years
o Anorexia Nervosa
o Bulimia nervosa
o Binge eating disorder
The National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA), 2016
• Anorexia Nervosa:
– Inadequate food intake leading to unhealthy weight that is clearly
too low for height
– Intense fear of weight gain & obsession with weight and
persistent behavior to prevent weight gain
– Self-esteem overly related to body image and sees self as bigger
than actual size
• Bulimia Nervosa:
– Frequent episodes of consuming very large amounts of food
followed by purging behaviors to prevent weight gain
– A feeling of being out of control during the binge-eating episodes
– Self-esteem overly related to body image
The National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA), 2016
• Binge Eating Disorder:
– Frequent episodes of consuming very large amounts of food but
without behaviors to prevent weight gain
– Feeling out of control during binge eating episodes
– May eat when not hungry, eat to the point of discomfort, or eat alone
• Other eating & body-image related Disorders:
– Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS): An eating disorder
that causes significant distress but does not meet the criteria for
another eating disorder
• For example: Meeting all symptoms of Anorexia, but weight not below normal
– Body Dysmorphia: Obsessive focus on a perceived flaw in
appearance that is minor or imagined
– Muscle Dysphmorphia: Obsessive desire to have a muscular
physique. The person does not see self accurately and strives for
unattainable physique
– Disordered Eating: Chronic dieting, restrictive/binging cycles, poor
body image
The National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA), 2016
*Read packet on Anorexia, Bulimia
and Binge Eating
*Answer worksheet on
eating disorders.
Impulse Control Disorders
• People with impulse control disorders are unable
to resist urges, or impulses, to perform acts that
could be harmful to themselves or others.
• Impulsive Control Disorders are similar in terms of
when they begin and how they progress.
Increasing tension/arousal  situation or event
occurs  person reacts with impulsive behavior 
Person feels gratification and relief  Afterwards,
person feels shame and guilt  This causes
tension and stress to increase  Cycle continues…
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 2014; American Psychological Association, 2015
Impulse Control Disorders, continued
 Some types of Impulse Control Disorders:
•
•
Intermittent Explosive Disorder: Recurrent outbursts of
anger that are disproportionate to the situation at hand
•
Kleptomania: Urges to steal
•
Pyromania: Urges to set fires for enjoyment and pleasure
•
Trichotillomania: Repetitive hair pulling that causes
noticeable hair loss and significant levels of distress
Other types:
• Compulsive buying/shopping
• Pathological skin picking
• Internet Addiction or Mobile phone compulsion
• Compulsive sexual behavior
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 2014; American Psychological Association, 2015
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders
• Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD): Persistent,
uncontrollable feelings or thoughts (obsessions) and
routines or rituals (compulsions) in which individuals
engage to try to prevent these thoughts.
• Common obsessions: Fear of contamination, fear of
causing harm to another, fear of making a mistake, fear
self or loved one dying, need for symmetry or exactness,
excessive doubt, etc.
• Common compulsions: Washing/cleaning, checking,
arranging/organizing, collecting/hoarding,
counting/repeating, touching or tapping
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 2014; American Psychological Association, 2015
• OCD is the fourth most common mental illness and affects
over 4 million people in the U.S.
• People with OCD are often anxious and/or depressed
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 2014; American Psychological Association, 2015
• Addiction: Consistent, compulsive dependence on a
substance or behavior
• Characterized by:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Inability to abstain from substance/behavior
Feeling out of control
Craving the substance or behavior
Denial
Strained interpersonal relationships
Dysfunctional emotional responses
• Some addictive substances & behaviors include:
– Alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, stimulants, inhalants, prescription pills,
sedatives
– Gambling
– Over exercising
– Video games
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 2014; American Psychological Association, 2015
• Involves deeply ingrained and inflexible maladaptive
patterns of thought and behavior which cause
significant, long-term difficulties functioning within
society and relationships
– Typically developed by adolescence
• The persons patterns of thinking & behaviors
significantly differ from the expectations of society and
are so rigid that they interfere with normal functioning
• The person often believes the conflict/problem is with
the external world rather than with his or her self
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 2014; American Psychological Association, 2015
 Some types of Personality Disorders:
• Antisocial Personality Disorder
– Disregard for the rights of others and societal norms, law breaking,
repeatedly lie, place others at risk for own benefit, and lack of remorse
• Borderline Personality Disorder
– Unstable moods, inability to regulate emotions, impulsive and reckless
behavior, and unstable relationships
• Paranoid Personality Disorder
– Paranoia and pervasive suspiciousness and mistrust of others
 Other types include:
• Histrionic personality disorder
• Dependent personality disorder
• Narcissistic Personality Disorder
• Avoidant Personality Disorder
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 2014; American Psychological Association, 2015
https://youtu.be/4E1JiDFxFGk
Self Harm ( Lesson 4)
• What is it?
• Why?
• Risks?
• How to stop?
• Up to 37% of
Teens cutting!!
Cutting epidemic…………
• https://youtu.be/ytCDfYhoD8s
• Demi Lovato’s Struggle
• https://youtu.be/RVq-sLFu6M4
What else impacts
mental health?
•
•
•
•
•
LGBTQ issues
Self esteem
Bullying
Family stressors
Environment
• Grief and loss
• Developmental
changes/milestones
• Trauma/Violence
• Medical Issues
Mrs. Farina’s Story
https://youtu.be/D827iSJPdow
Suicidal Thoughts
• It’s normal to have sad, anxious, angry, hopeless,
or frustrated feelings
• It is NOT normal to think about suicide as a stress
response
 Causes:
– Feeling great pain
– Trouble finding solutions to their problems
– Feel as if they do not deserve the time or effort to
get help
– Personal troubles
– Physical or mental health problems
– Feel alone
– Embarrassed about asking for help
Risk Factors and Warning Signs
Warning Signs
Risk factors
• Psychiatric Disorders
•
•
90% of those who completed
suicide had a diagnosable
and treatable illness
Most common: depression
• Past history of attempted
suicide (impulsiveness)
• Bullying
• Low self-esteem
• Stressful event (loss of
loved one, family issues,
etc.)
• Making suicide threats or
talking about dying
• Sudden change in behavior
• Signs of making plans:
•
•
•
•
Giving away prized possessions
Saying good bye
Sudden purchase of firearm
Obtaining other means of killing
oneself (medications, poison)
• Serious depression
• Increased risk taking
American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, 2015; Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, 2014
If you or someone you
know are having
suicidal thoughts…
• Take it seriously
• Acknowledge pain
• Know that others WILL take you seriously
• Talk to a professional (see resources)
• Find support (friend? cousin? trusted adult?)
• Avoid alcohol or drugs
– Will increase harm
• Know that getting/asking for help will NOT
automatically end you up in the hospital
Concerning Facebook post?
• Facebook created feature with National Suicide Prevention Lifeline
allowing users to report content that may indicate suicidal feelings
• Notifies them that a friend is concerned and encourages them to
connect to the Lifeline or a friend and provides resources.
– Also provides reporting user support resources
What getting help can do…
• Protect person from self harm during the crisis
– (Did you know that the mind can take up to 72
hours to process a crisis?)
• Provide support for strong emotions
• Learn new ways to think so life events won’t feel so
overwhelming
• Build problem solving skills
• Learn to cope with stress
• Build confidence and self esteem
• Medication for MH issues available
• Build HOPE
– It doesn't last forever
– Life can be better again..and WILL
Ways to Cope
• Write in your journal; if you don’t have one, start
one.
• Draw anything with pencils, markers, etc.
• Listen to your favorite music.
• Spend time with positive people.
• Exercise.
• Spend time with your family pet.
• Play a musical instrument.
• Take a few deep breaths.
• Talk it out with a trusted person.
You are not alone!
Stories of HOPE & RECOVERY
http://www.mentalhealth.gov/talk/r
ecovery/