Download Science and Society: Unit 2 Review Packet Directions: Use your

Science and Society:
Unit 2 Review Packet
Directions: Use your notes to answer the following questions in order to prepare for
the unit test on DNA and DNA technology.
1. Describe the structure of the DNA molecule.
2. What are the four nitrogen bases found in DNA. How do these bases pair? Be
sure to discuss the types of bonds that are found between each nitrogen base pair.
3. Fully describe the following processes:
a. Replication -- _________________________________________________
b. Transcription -- _______________________________________________
c. Translation -- _________________________________________________
4. Where in the cell does each of the processes above take place?
a. _____________________________________
b. _____________________________________
c. _____________________________________
5. Identify the central dogma of biology. ___________________________________
6. ________________________ is the enzyme that unzips the DNA strands at the
hydrogen bonds during DNA replication.
7. Humans have __________ chromosomes in their body cells. __________ come
from mom and _________ come from dad.
8. Explain the relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes.
9. How does DNA differ from RNA?
10. Use the following DNA sequence to determine the mRNA sequence and
therefore the amino acid sequence of the protein coded for by this gene.
DNA  TTAAGCCCTGGGCAATAG
mRNA  ________________________________________________________
amino acids  ________________________________________________________
11. Restriction endonucleases are also called ___________________________________
__________________________. Where are they naturally located? ___________________
12. What is the difference between a blunt end and a sticky end created by the
activity of restriction enzymes. Which end is preferred in genetic engineering and
why? ___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
13. Explain how a transgenic organism has been genetically modified. Also discuss
why a restriction enzyme naturally found in Ecoli bacteria would also work in a
pig? _____________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
14. What factors affect the movement of DNA fragments along the agarose gel
during DNA electrophoresis? _____________________________________________________
15. What information can be gained from running DNA gel electrophoresis?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
16. Draw and label the key components to gel electrophoresis equipment.