Download Answers to the Study Guide for C12 Molecular Genetics Labeled

Answers to the Study Guide for C12 Molecular Genetics
1. Labeled DNA with Phosphorus and Protein Coat with Sulfur of bacteriophages to determine which is
the heredity factor that is passed on from generation to generation.
If both were in the cells then
both would contribute to the heredity information.
2. Replication is when DNA makes a copy of itself using base pairing rules.
3. Two double stranded DNA each having a parental strand and a new complimentary strand.
4. A nucleotide is the repeating monomer in a nucleic acid chain.
DNA : deoxyribose, phosphate group; nitrogenous bases; adenine, thymine; cytosine & guanine.
RNA: ribose, phosphate group, nitrogenous bases; adenine, uracil, cytosine & guanine.
5. Double helical structure (A twisted ladder)
6. mRNA – messenger RNA; rRna- ribosomal RNA; & tRNA – transfer RNA.
7. All of the above three.
8. Review from the book the whole process; but mRNA is transcribed from DNA in the nucleus.
9. mRNA is translated into amino acids to make a protein. Codons are the three bases that code for an
amino acid and anticodons are on the bottom of the tRNA that makes sure to match up to the mRNA
strand.
10. A three base code that codes for an amino acid.
11. Genes contain instructions for making proteins.
12. Chromosomal mutation involves the whole chromosome.
Inversion – part of the chromosome breaks off and inverts, flips and reattached to the chromosome.
Point mutation – can be an insertion of one base or a deletion of one base.
Translocation – is when part of one chromosome breaks off and reattaches to another chromosome.
The two chromosomes are not homologous (they don’t code for the same things)
Insertion – when a base is inserted to a section of DNA that changes the reading frame of the gene.
Deletion – when a base is taken out which also changes the reading frame. These two things are
considered frameshift mutations and can be considered point mutations.
13. When a specific kind of protein is not continually used by a cell, the gene for that protein is usually
repressible.
14. The lac operon is an example of the gene expression of inducible enzymes.
15. Hox genes determine the body plans of individuals.
16. Exon is part of the mRNA that is expressed and codes for proteins. Introns do not code for proteins.
17. DNA to RNA to proteins.
18. Start codons AUG Stop codons – UAA; UAG; UGA
19. Listed up above; functions messenger, ribosomal & transfer
20. Transcription is writing the DNA code to RNA language using mRNA
21. See above
22. Translate determine what the bases of mRNA transcribed from DNA code for what amino acids to
make a protein.
23. DNA helicase – unwinds and unzips the DNA for DNA replication
24. DNA ligase – seals together Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.
25. DNA polymerase – adds DNA nucleotides to strands according to base pairing.
26. RNA polymerase – adds RNA nucleotides to RNA strands according to base pairing for RNA (uracil
instead of thymine)