Download WHAT DO WE NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THE CELL : Topics covered

WHAT DO WE NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THE CELL : Topics covered on the quiz! (25 questions)
1.
Cell history
a. Know individuals important in cell biology history and their contribution
b. Be able identify statements relating to the Cell theory
c. Differentiate between magnification and resolution and why both are important
d. Tools (light microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope
e. Know how to compare cell sizes (convert nm to micrometers and vice versa)
2.
Differentiate between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
a. Prokaryotes: cell wall, cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, DNA, (some move)
i. The nucleoid is a LOCATION in the cytoplasm it DOES NOT have a membrane.
b. Eukaryotes: what makes them more complicated?
i. What are examples of membrane-bound organelles?
3.
Functions of cellular structures and their interactions with other organelles to do the following tasks :
a.
Cell transport (how do things get from organelle to organelle, and in and out of the cell (focus: golgi,
vesicles, cytoskeleton, cell membrane
b.
Protein synthesis (how proteins are made)
i. (focus: DNA--> RNA--> ribosome either in cytoplasm or RER.
a. Those in RER are modified by Golgi and packaged into vesicles examples: enzymes (in
lyososomes and peroxisomes), hormones (in secretory vesicles)
c.
Lipid synthesis (how lipids are made)
i. (focus: SER --> Golgi--> vesicles--> cytoskeleton--> incorporated into cell membrane
a. examples: cholesterol, phospholipids)
d.
Energy production that the cell can use (ATP)
i. things that occur in 3a, 3b, and 3c (above) require energy.
ii. Requires Glucose--> mitochondria --> ATP
a. The ATP molecule is the "battery" for all functions requiring energy. Constantly
recycled (ADP + P  ATP (energized form)
 ADP + P)
e.
How do we get glucose? - it depends on the organism
i. Plants Sun + CO2 + H2O (photosynthesis)--> glucose + O2.
a. The energy from the sun is stored in the bonds between the carbons in glucose.
b. The mitochondria (in all eukaryotes) will break down glucose (or glycogen or fat) when
needed to obtain the stored energy to make ATP (see above)
ii. Animals, protists, fungi and bacteria must eat (they do not photosynthesize)
a. Food to be used for energy or to build things must be broken down to monomers (all
organisms)
Starch or glycogen --> glucose
Protein---> amino acids
Lipids--> fatty acids and glycerol
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
f.
Animals do this during digestion (digestive system)
Plants use enzymes within the large vacuoles
Protists join food vacuoles with lysosomes
Bacteria can use only monomers ( (passive or active membrane transport
Specialized cells (or organs like the liver) can break down “stored” food (lipids and
glycogen)
Getting rid of waste – vesicles, membrane transport
i. All cells must get rid of waste. This can be through active transport, passive transport,
exocytosis. Enzymes like those found in lysosomes and peroxisomes (and even white blood
cells), can digest and "expel" waste products
WHAT DO WE NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THE CELL : Topics covered on the quiz! (25 questions)
g.
Growing and Reproducing: Must be done through cell growth (cell gets bigger) then cell reproduction
(cell divides). The nucleus, DNA and cytoplasm are involved in cell division (as well as many enzymes.
h.
Mobility:
i. Cytoskeleton
a. Can allow changes in the shape of the cell membrane
b. Create flagella and cilia
c. Move chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis
d. Act as a “highway” within the cell for molecule transport