Download Modules 19, 20 and 21 Practice Quizzes

MODULE 19 – CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
1.
A relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience is the definition of:
a. learning.
b. classical conditioning.
c. stimulus.
2.
d. acquisition.
A type of learning when the subject learns to associate a stimulus with a given response is:
a. generalization.
b. stimulus.
c. acquisition.
3.
d. classical conditioning.
If a light is dimmed before a person’s eye, the pupil will dilate. If a sequence of events is established in which a bell is rung,
the light is dimmed, and the pupil dilates, the pupil will eventually dilate with just the ringing of the bell. If this happens,
the light dimming is called the:
a. unconditioned stimulus.
b. unconditioned response.
c. conditioned stimulus.
4.
d. conditioned response.
Rats are exposed to a bright light while being injected with an overdose of insulin. In time, the bright light alone produces a
response that is almost indistinguishable from that produced by the insulin. The unconditioned response in this example is
the:
a. unconditioned stimulus.
b. unconditioned response.
c. conditioned stimulus.
5.
d. conditioned response.
The process of learning a new response is called:
a. extinction.
b. generalization.
c. acquisition.
6.
d. behaviorism.
If you rang a bell to signal your dog that his food is being put on the plate, the dog will learn to come when the bell is rung.
If you then cease to feed the dog after ringing the bell, which of the following will eventually take place?
a. discrimination
b. extinction
c. generalization
7.
d. spontaneous recovery
Extinction does not destroy the learning of the response. This is demonstrated by:
a. acquisition.
b. generalization.
c. discrimination.
d. spontaneous recovery.
8.
Pavlov’s original experiments involved studying:
a. the extinction process.
b. digestion.
c. sensation and perception.
9.
d. crystallized intelligence.
In Pavlov’s experiment with classical conditioning, the dog salivated when a bell was rung, even though the food did not
follow. In the case above, the bell is called the:
a. unconditioned stimulus.
b. unconditioned response.
c. conditioned stimulus.
d. conditioned response.
10. A boy has been conditioned to be afraid of a bus. He also finds he is afraid of cars and trains. This is an example of:
a. discrimination.
b. extinction.
c. spontaneous recovery.
11.
d. generalization.
The process in which an organism produces different responses to similar stimuli is:
a. discrimination.
b. extinction.
c. spontaneous recovery.
d. generalization.
12. Kasandra is new to the local high school. Throughout the course of a typical day, a number of tones sound. One set of tones
is for dismissing classes while another tone sounds to let students know there are ten minutes left in the period. After a
week, Kasandra has learned how to distinguish one tone from another and the appropriate response to each. This is an
example of:
a. extinction.
b. generalization.
c. discrimination.
d. acquisition.
13. John Watson proposed that psychology should limit its study only to be observable behavior and not mental thoughts or
processes. This view eventually became known as:
a. classical conditioning.
b. acquisition.
c. reciprocal determinism.
d. behaviorism.
14. Cognition is:
a. the acquisition of a learned response.
b. the extinction of a learned response
c. mental processes.
d. the spontaneous recovery of an extinguish response.
15. Which of the following would be considered the best form of classical conditioning found in everyday life?
a. animal training
b. taste aversion
c. learning to drive
d. studying for a unit test
MODULE 20 – OPERANT CONDITIONING
1.
A type of learning in which the subject associates a particular behavior with its consequence is called:
a. classical conditioning.
b. extinction.
c. operant conditioning.
2.
d. discrimination.
At an amusement park, a duck will turn on a lamp and play a piano every time a coin is put into a slot. He then receives a piece of corn for
performing his tricks. The duck is demonstrating:
a. extreme musical talent.
b. classical conditioning.
c. imitation.
3.
d. operant conditioning.
Eileen, a second grade teacher, is always providing favorable consequences for her students’s “good” behaviors and unfavorable
consequences for “bad” behaviors. Eileen is working off the principle of:
a. spontaneous recovery.
b. extinction.
c. generalization.
4.
d. the law of effect.
Any consequence of a behavior that decreases the frequency of that behavior is a:
a. punishment.
b. reinforcement.
c. operant.
5.
d. stimulus.
At the end of football practice, the team always has to run 10 laps around the field, which everyone hates. If a player makes a good play
the coach tells the player they can run one less lap. At the end of practice some players have to run the full 10 laps while others who
performed well run less. In this example, the removal of running a lap is considered a:
a. punishment.
b. positive reinforcement.
c. negative reinforcement.
6.
d. extinction stimulus.
The best example of a primary reinforcement is:
a. money to someone poor.
b. water to someone thirsty.
c. coupons for a free pass into a movie.
7.
d. tickets from a game which are eventually turned in for a prize.
The best example of a secondary reinforcement is:
a. food.
b. time.
c. conditioned response.
8.
d. money.
What problems may results in using punishment as a learning tool?
a. punishment does not end the desire to perform the behavior.
b. punishment may lead to fear and anxiety.
c. punishment leads to a temporary suppression of the behavior.
d. All of the above are problems with using punishment.
9.
In trying to train a dog to run a complex maze, you break down the maze into a series of smaller parts. You start with the first part and
then slowly add a new part. This process is called:
a. spontaneous recovery.
b. shaping.
c. extinction.
d. generalization.
10. A learning experiment is set up in the following manner: A rat is in the Skinner Box, and every time the light goes on and the rat presses
down on the bar it gets reinforced with food. If the light is off, pressing down on the bar causes no response. This is an example of:
a. discrimination.
b. generalization.
c. extinction.
11.
d. latent learning.
Ren has found that every time she hits the vending machine as she drops in her money, not only does she get the candy she wants, but her
money comes back out. This is what type of reinforcement schedule?
a. fixed interval
b. variable interval
c. variable ratio
d. continuous
12. The occasional small reward for hitting a jackpot keeps the gambler hopeful of hitting another larger jackpot. This is what type of
reinforcement schedule?
a. fixed interval
b. variable interval
c. fixed ratio
d. variable ratio
13. A pop quiz is an example of which type of reinforcement schedule?
a. fixed interval
b. variable interval
c. fixed ratio
d. variable ratio
14. Learning without the presence of an apparent incentive or reinforcement is known as:
a. operant conditioning.
b. cognitive map.
c. latent learning.
d. classical conditioning.
15. Kelly has loved to read since the first grade and was a constant reader throughout first and second grade. In the third grade, Kelly’s
teacher gave students candy bars for each hour they read in class. Kelly’s fourth-grade teacher didn’t have the same reward system as
Kelly’s third-grade teacher, so Kelly stopped reading. This is an example of:
a. negative reinforcement.
b. overjustification effect.
c. latent learning.
d. spontaneous recovery.
MODULE 21 – OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
1.
Learning that takes place by watching others is the definition of:
a. classical conditioning.
b. operant conditioning.
c. observational learning.
2.
d. intuition.
In observational learning, the subject mimics the behavior of the:
a. model.
b. participant.
c. observer.
3.
d. subject.
Megan is watching her big sister Nicole play volleyball. Every time Nicole makes a mistake, Megan sees the look of frustration on her face.
The next time Megan plays volleyball, she makes the same face when she makes a mistake. This is an example of:
a. extinction.
b. modeling.
c. prosocial behavior.
4.
d. vicarious learning.
An American researcher who studied observational learning was:
a. B. F. Skinner.
b. Ivan Pavlov.
c. Martin Seligman.
5.
d. Albert Bandura.
In Bandura’s original study, children watched:
a. an adult hit a Bobo doll.
b. another child hit a Bobo doll.
c. a movie of a person hitting a Bobo doll.
6.
d. one of their parents hitting a Bobo doll.
In Bandura’s first “Bobo doll” experiment, children became more aggressive than other children towards the Bobo doll after:
a. they were told it was alright to hit the Bobo doll.
b. they witness other children being aggressive towards the dolls.
c. they witness an adult being aggressive towards the dolls and were then frustrated.
7.
d. they were shown a movie of other children hitting the Bobo dolls.
In one of Bandura’s “Bobo doll” experiment, children most likely imitated the violent behavior of:
a. the model who was praised.
b. the model who was punished.
c. the model who was neither praised nor punished.
8.
d. the model who was both praised and punished.
Learning by seeing the consequence of another person’s behavior is the definition of:
a. attention learning.
b. consequential learning.
c. vicarious learning.
d. motivational learning.
9.
Since Samara sees Tina being punished for “texting” her friend during class, she decides not to do the same. This is an example of:
a. attention learning.
b. consequential learning.
c. vicarious learning.
d. motivational learning.
10. Which of the following list includes all four of the conditions that Bandura felt are necessary for observation learning to take place?
a. attention, consequences, ability to reproduce the behavior, and motivation
b. attention, retention, ability to reproduce the behavior, and motivation
c. a model, a subject, a behavior, and a consequence
11.
d. motivation, observation, consequences, and ability to reproduce the behavior
Rissolatti studied monkeys brains while they were observing other monkeys grasping at an object. The study found certain cells in the brain
were activated called:
a. mirror neurons.
b. vicarious cells.
c. prosocial lobes.
d. observation lobes.
12. Behavior that is negative, destructive, and unhelpful is considered:
a. prosocial behavior.
b. observational behavior.
c. antisocial behavior.
d. retention behavior.
13. Tyler is the president of the Key Club. Through his leadership, the club has helped out at a local senior citizen center, organized a walk for
diabetes, and planted new trees throughout the grounds of the high school. Tyler’s behavior would be labeled:
a. prosocial behavior.
b. vicarious behavior.
c. observational behavior.
d. antisocial behavior.
14. Behavior that is positive, constructive, and helpful is considered:
a. retention behavior.
b. observational behavior.
c. antisocial behavior.
d. prosocial behavior.
15. Which of the following accurately describes the conclusions of the APA Commission on Violence and Youth?
a. Viewing violence on TV has no appreciable effect on the violence in youths.
b. Children viewing violence on TV has a short-term effect but no lifelong consequences.
c. TV cannot serve as a prosocial force, only as an antisocial force.
d. Viewing of TV shows and commercials affects people’s concepts of reality.